Table 2. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the GADH population associated with heading date, plant height, and SNB severity combined across years, using the composite interval mapping approach.

Trait	QTL	LG	cM	Confidence interval (cM)	LOD	P-value	PVE (%)	Allele effecta
HD	Ppd-A1	2A	13	10–16	9.1	0.0000	23.5	2.1
	Ppd-D1	2D	86	83–89	14.3	0.0000	44.2	2.9
	Qncb.hd-5B	5B	153	152–157	11.4	0.0000	29.1	-2.3
PH	Ppd-A1	2A	13	10–16	4.8	0.0034	16.7	2.7
	Ppd-D1	2D	86	83–89	6.0	0.0004	45.7	4.4
LS	Qncb.snl-1A	1A	25	22–28	5.0	0.0006	7.3	0.3
	Ppd-A1	2A	13	10–16	8.0	0.0000	27.4	-0.5
	Ppd-D1	2D	86	83–89	13.3	0.0000	37.2	-0.6
GS	Qncb.sng-1A	1A	0	0–3	4.7	0.0020	12.7	0.4
	Qncb.sng-2A	2A	34	30–36	7.5	0.0000	32.1	-0.7
	Ppd-D1	2D	86	83–89	7.8	0.0000	31.9	-0.7
	Qncb.sng-5B	5B	153	143–182	4.5	0.0022	14.0	0.5

Abbreviations: LG = linkage group; cM = centimorgan; HD = heading date (days); PH = plant height (cm); LS = leaf severity (1–9 scale); GS = glume severity (0–9 scale). LOD = logarithm of the odds at 0.05 probability level, using a 5,000-iteration permutation test; PVE = percentage of phenotypic variance explained.

^aEstimated allele effect reported in terms of the AGS2033 parent. The estimated allele effect unit corresponds to each trait unit.