Table 2. Prevalence of P. vivax and P. falciparum.
| Negative controls | Iquitos | Mazán | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 90) | (n = 880) | (n = 1024) | ||
| Light microscopy, n (%) | ||||
| P. vivax | 0(0%) | 16 (1.8%) | 13 (1.3%) | 0.329 |
| P. falciparum | 0(0%) | 3 (0.3%) | 5 (0.5%) | 0.620 |
| qPCR, n (%) | ||||
| P. vivax | 0(0%) | 47 (5.3%) | 28 (2.7%) | 0.005 |
| P. falciparum | 0(0%) | 12 (1.4%) | 12 (1.2%) | 0.708 |
| SEM, n (%) | ||||
| P. vivax seropositive | 0(0%) | 336 (38.2%) | 579 (56.5%) | <0.001 |
| Antibody levels * , mean (95% CI) | ||||
| PvRAMA | 0.11 (0.06–0.16) | 0.56 (0.43–0.69) | 0.65 (0.55–0.74) | 0.268 |
| PvTRAg_2 | 0.10 (0.05–0.15) | 0.90 (0.72–1.08) | 1.73 (1.50–1.97) | <0.001 |
| PvEBPII | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 0.95 (0.74–1.16) | 2.10 (1.83–2.36) | <0.001 |
| PvRBP2b | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | 1.44 (1.21–1.66) | 3.13 (2.84–3.43) | <0.001 |
| PvMSP119 | 1.16 (0.69–1.64) | 3.58 (3.20–3.93) | 2.98 (2.67–3.29) | 0.013 |
| PvMSP8 | 0.03 (0.02–0.03) | 0.46 (0.32–0.61) | 0.56 (0.43–0.68) | 0.343 |
| PvTRAg_28 | 0.66 (0.37–0.95) | 2.09 (1.83–2.35) | 3.66 (3.33–3.99) | <0.001 |
| PvMSP3.10 | 0.05 (0.03–0.06) | 0.46 (0.35–0.57) | 1.20 (1.02–1.38) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. Comparisons were made between participants from Iquitos and Mazán. Healthy donors were included as negative controls
*Antibody level values are in relative antibody units (RAU) interpolated from standard curves using a 5PL logistic regression model. RAU were values going from 0.02 to 0.00000195. RAU values were multiplied by 1000 to ease reading. Frequencies were compared by χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test when required, and antibody levels were compared by T-test.