Table 3.
Mean/probability Comparisons of Early Family Environments Indicators between Profiles
| Latent profiles | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Underprivileged SES/distressed | Underprivileged SES/healthy | Low SES/distressed | Low SES/healthy | Privileged SES/healthy | ||||
|
|
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| 9% | 18% | 25% | 29% | 19% | ||||
|
|
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| Variable | M(SD) or proportion | Range | F/chi-squared | Effect size (η2/OR) | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Married mother | 0.09a | 0.08a | 0.51b | 0.50b | 0.99 | n/a | 437.03*** | 0.81, 10.18, 9.88, 732.80 |
|
| ||||||||
| Maternal education | −0.98 (0.88)a | −0.89 (0.84)a | 0.08 (0.69)b | −0.01 (0.68)b | 1.17 (0.57) | −2.99 to 2.68 | 286.51*** | 0.49 |
|
| ||||||||
| Income-to-needs ratio | −1.33 (1.00) | −1.07 (0.96) | 0.18 (0.56)a | 0.16 (0.52)a | 0.97 (0.51) | −3.21 to 2.47 | 336.80*** | 0.55 |
|
| ||||||||
| Occupational prestige | −0.73 (0.63)a | −0.57 (0.67)a | −0.15 (0.78)b | −0.27 (0.70)b | 1.25 (0.10) | −1.92 to 3.83 | 212.68*** | 0.44 |
|
| ||||||||
| Maternal health insurance | 0.89a | 0.81a | 0.75a | 0.71a | 0.99 | n/a | 78.93*** | 0.54, 0.38, 0.13, 9.64 |
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| ||||||||
| Learning materials | −0.85 (1.08)a | −0.91 (0.96)a | 0.22 (0.82)b | 0.17 (0.83)b | 0.69 (0.48) | −2.66 to 0.93 | 140.96*** | 0.32 |
|
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| Economic strain | 0.80 (1.06) | 0.15 (0.87)a | 0.34 (0.99)a | −0.16 (0.84) | −0.70 (0.81) | −1.84 to 2.92 | 70.38*** | 0.19 |
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| Residential crowding | 0.32 (1.24)a | 0.60 (1.04)a | −0.02 (0.90)b | 0.02 (0.88)b | −0.67 (0.67) | −2.28 to 3.88 | 52.17*** | 0.20 |
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| ||||||||
| Neighborhood safety | −0.66 (1.04)a | −0.72 (1.04)a | −0.01 (0.88) | 0.18 (0.77) | 0.71 (0.76) | −3.46 to 1.75 | 92.45*** | 0.24 |
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| Maternal depression | 1.31 (0.56) | −0.44 (0.73)a | 0.90 (0.67) | −0.61 (0.63)b | −0.47 (0.75)a,b | −1.02 to 2.37 | 349.85*** | 0.54 |
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| ||||||||
| Maternal anxiety | 1.18 (0.64) | −0.70 (0.64)a | 0.93 (0.60) | −0.65 (0.66)a | −0.15 (0.79) | −1.14 to 2.60 | 366.40*** | 0.55 |
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| Maternal somatization | 1.30 (0.67) | −0.18 (0.88) | 0.55 (0.92) | −0.44 (0.76)a | −0.49 (0.76)a | −1.11 to 2.53 | 148.25*** | 0.33 |
Note. For the two binary indicators, married mothers and maternal health insurance, the proportions of mothers being married and having health insurance were presented; for the rest of the family environment indicators, standardized means are presented; differing subscripts within rows indicate significantly different means at p < .05; for the effect sizes of the two binary indicators, we presented odds-ratios indicating the likelihood of mothers endorsing a particular response on each binary item (i.e., married, having insurance) depending on their profile membership, using the Underprivileged SES/distressed profile as a reference group; the means of raw scores of each indicator are found in the supplemental materials section.
p < .001.