TABLE V.

O-Score Assessment (2-Part Table)

Domain	Description
Preprocedure plan	Gathers/assesses required information to reach diagnosis and determine the correct procedure required
Case preparation	Patient correctly prepared and positioned, understands approach and required instruments, and prepared to deal with probable complications
Knowledge of specific procedural steps	Understands steps of the procedure, potential risks, and means to avoid/overcome them
Technical performance	Efficiently performs steps, avoiding pitfalls and respecting soft tissues
Visuospatial skills	3D spatial orientation and able to position instruments/hardware where intended
Postprocedure plan	Appropriate complete postprocedure plan
Efficiency and flow	Obvious planned course of the procedure with economy of movement and flow
Communication	Professional and effective communication/utilization of staff

Level	Description
1—“I had to do”	Requires complete hands-on guidance, did not do, or was not given the opportunity to do
2—“I had to talk them through”	Able to perform tasks but requires constant direction
3—“I had to prompt them from time to time”	Demonstrates some independence but requires intermittent direction
4—“I needed to be in the room just in case”	Independence but unaware of risks and still requires supervision for safe practice
5—“I did not need to be there”	Complete independence, understands risks and performs safely, practice ready

Scale for O-score used for each domain.