Table 2.

Data-generating Item Intercepts and True Paths

Models	Intercepts at T2 for Treatment Group	Unstandardized a, b3, and c’ paths	Standardized a, b3 and c’ paths wrt endogenous var
Model 1 (invariant)	.90, .40, .50, .50, .70, .40	.285, .145, 0	.202, .149, 0
Model 2	.90, .40, .72, .74, .70, .40	.285, .145, 0	.202, .149, 0
Model 3	.90, .40, .28, .26, .70, .40	.285, .145, 0	.202, .149, 0
Model 4 (invariant)	.90, .40, .50, .50, .70, .40	0, .145, 0	0, .148, 0
Model 5	.90, .40, .72, .74, .70, .40	0, .145, 0	0, .148, 0
Model 6	.90, .40, .28, .26, .70, .40	0, .145, 0	0, .148, 0
Model 7 (Invariant)	.90, .40, .50, .50, .70, .40	.285, .145, .780	.202, .141, .543
Model 8	.90, .40, .72, .74, .70, .40	.285, .145, .780	.202, .141, .543

Note. Intercepts for both groups at T1 are the same as those in Models 1, 4, and 7. Intercepts that are bold are noninvariant. The a path has either a zero or a small effect size (Cohen’s f² = .02), the b₃ path had a small effect size (f² = .02), and the c’ path had a zero or a medium effect size (f² = .15). See Supplement 4 on the correspondence between our true values on the paths and Cohen’s f² effect size. The b₃ path is the relation between M2 and Y2, and both are endogenous variables, so this path is fully standardized. wrt stands for with respect to and var stands for variable. Supplement 4 demonstrates how the mediation paths were obtained.