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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 19.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci. 2021 May 13;4(2):10.1177/25152459211012271. doi: 10.1177/25152459211012271

Table 3.

Simulated Models and Results

Models Model Conditions Performance Relative Bias
Size of Mediated Effect ab Response shift Power Type I error a b 3 c’
Model 1 Small ES None .787 - <.001
Model 2 Small ES Positive Direction .938 - 0.394 0.006 <.001
Model 3 Small ES Negative Direction .407 - −0.393 0.002 <.001
Model 4 Zero None - .037 <.001
Model 5 Zero Positive Direction - .190 1.190 0.006 <.001
Model 6 Zero Negative Direction - .206 −1.190 0.006 <.001
Model 7 Small ES; Med. ES for c’ None .787 - <.001
Model 8 Small ES; Med. ES for c’ Positive Direction .938 - 0.394 <.001 <.001

Note. ES is Effect Size. Relative Bias below a level of .05 is considered acceptable. When response shift was present, it had a medium effect size for 2 of 6 items