Figure 1.

LEAP2 levels decrease by fasting and increase with obesity. (A) Relative Leap2 mRNA expression levels from liver, duodenum, and jejunum samples in 2 treatment groups; ad libitum–fed (ad lib.) mice and mice fasted for 24 hours; n = 9 in ad libitum–fed and n = 10 fasted mice (B) Relative Leap2 mRNA expression levels from liver in 2 groups; lean and HFD-fed DIO mice; n = 6 in lean mice and 9 in HFD-fed DIO mice (C) Mean BW of lean vs obese human individuals; lean human individuals n = 10 (averaged from 2 separate days), obese human individuals n = 17 (D) LEAP2 plasma levels in lean vs obese human individuals; lean human individuals n = 10 (averaged from 2 separate days), obese human individuals n = 17. Data were normalized to reference gene Ywhaz and subsequently normalized to corresponding control (A-B). Data were analyzed by unpaired t test. One outlier was identified and excluded due to technical error and exclusion of outlier did not diverge from the results of the main analysis and result (A [fasted mice in duodenum and jejunum] , in both lean and HFD-fed DIO mice (1 in each) and D in humans with obesity. ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, ns = not significant. Abbreviations: DIO; diet-induced obesity, HFD; high-fat diet, LEAP2; liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2.