Table 2.
Treatment initiation characteristics by diabetes subgroup and ethnicity
| Population | Non-insulin oral antidiabetic medications | Insulin | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number eligible to initiate | Initiating treatment, n (%) | Years to initiation, mean (SD) | Relative risk (95% CI),a P-value | Number eligible to initiate | Initiating treatment, n (%) | Years to initiation, mean (SD) | Relative risk (95% CI),a P-value | |
| Overall | 26 426 | 20 781 (78.6) | 0.9 (1.7) | 27 442 | 1590 (5.8) | 3.7 (2.7) | ||
| MARD | 21 860 | 16 781 (76.8) | 1.0 (1.7) | 1 (ref) | 22 623 | 1170 (5.2) | 3.7 (2.7) | 1 (ref) |
| MOD | 2455 | 2016 (82.1) | 0.8 (1.6) | 1.16 (1.11 to 1.22), <0.001 | 2617 | 169 (6.5) | 3.8 (2.7) | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.21), 0.778 |
| SHD | 2111 | 1984 (94.0) | 0.3 (1.1) | 1.92 (1.83 to 2.02), <0.001 | 2202 | 251 (11.4) | 3.4 (2.6) | 2.02 (1.76 to 2.32), <0.001 |
| South Asian | 11 921 | 9832 (82.5) | 0.7 (1.4) | 12 445 | 563 (4.5) | 3.7 (2.6) | ||
| MARD | 10 129 | 8196 (80.9) | 0.8 (1.5) | 1 (ref) | 10 518 | 418 (4.0) | 3.7 (2.6) | 1 (ref) |
| MOD | 933 | 804 (86.2) | 0.6 (1.3) | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.23), <0.001 | 1017 | 60 (5.9) | 3.6 (2.5) | 0.98 (0.74 to 1.29), 0.879 |
| SHD | 859 | 832 (96.9) | 0.1 (0.7) | 2.05 (1.90 to 2.20), <0.001 | 910 | 85 (9.3) | 3.5 (2.5) | 2.12 (1.67 to 2.69), <0.001 |
| White | 7076 | 5256 (74.3) | 1.1 (2) | 7307 | 468 (6.4) | 3.9 (2.7) | ||
| MARD | 2734 | 1714 (62.7) | 1.5 (2.2) | 1 (ref) | 2837 | 111 (3.9) | 3.9 (2.7) | 1 (ref) |
| MOD | 3749 | 3000 (80.0) | 0.9 (1.7) | 1.40 (1.29 to 1.53), <0.001 | 3860 | 277 (7.2) | 3.9 (2.8) | 0.92 (0.68 to 1.25), 0.597 |
| SHD | 593 | 542 (91.4) | 0.4 (1.3) | 2.43 (2.17 to 2.72), <0.001 | 610 | 80 (13.1) | 3.5 (2.6) | 2.00 (1.41 to 2.83), <0.001 |
| Black | 5400 | 4152 (76.9) | 0.9 (1.7) | 5558 | 448 (8.1) | 3.6 (2.7) | ||
| MARD | 4131 | 3078 (74.5) | 1.0 (1.8) | 1 (ref) | 4245 | 312 (7.3) | 3.6 (2.7) | 1 (ref) |
| MOD | 709 | 556 (78.4) | 0.8 (1.6) | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23), 0.022 | 739 | 49 (6.6) | 3.6 (2.7) | 0.72 (0.53 to 0.99), 0.045 |
| SHD | 560 | 518 (92.5) | 0.3 (1.2) | 1.81 (1.64 to 2.00), <0.001 | 574 | 87 (15.2) | 3.3 (2.6) | 1.56 (1.21 to 2.00), <0.001 |
a
Age- and sex-adjusted relative risk versus MARD (reference group). CI = confidence interval. MARD = mild age-related diabetes. MOD = mild obesity-related diabetes. Ref = reference. SD = standard deviation. SHD = severe hyperglycaemic diabetes.