Table 9.
Effects of subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge, diet type and supplemental enzymes on ileal volatile fatty acids (μmol/g) in broilers at 16 d of age.1,2
Challenge | Diet type | Enzyme | Formic | Acetic | Propionic | Butyric | Total VFA3 | Succinic | Lactic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Two-way interactions | |||||||||
No | Control | 0.13 | 2.7 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 3.1 | 0.09 | 13.7c | |
XYN10 | 0.05 | 2.4 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 2.7 | 0.15 | 14.4c | ||
XYN11 | 0.00 | 2.7 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 2.9 | 0.17 | 20.4c | ||
MAN | 0.06 | 2.6 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 3.0 | 0.10 | 14.0c | ||
Yes | Control | 0.06 | 3.0 | 0.16 | 0.74 | 4.0 | 0.36 | 34.0b | |
XYN10 | 0.13 | 2.6 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 3.1 | 0.35 | 33.4b | ||
XYN11 | 0.05 | 3.0 | 0.19 | 0.36 | 3.6 | 0.46 | 33.1b | ||
MAN | 0.09 | 2.3 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 3.6 | 0.66 | 44.4a | ||
Wheat | Control | 0.16a | 3.4 | 0.22 | 0.92 | 4.7 | 0.18 | 18.2c | |
XYN10 | 0.05b | 2.3 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 2.6 | 0.32 | 29.8abc | ||
XYN11 | 0.02b | 2.9 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 3.3 | 0.34 | 35.3a | ||
MAN | 0.03b | 2.4 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 2.8 | 0.24 | 25.2abc | ||
Maize | Control | 0.03b | 2.3 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 2.5 | 0.28 | 29.8abc | |
XYN10 | 0.13a | 2.7 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 3.2 | 0.18 | 18.3bc | ||
XYN11 | 0.03b | 2.8 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 3.2 | 0.31 | 19.4bc | ||
MAN | 0.11a | 2.5 | 0.62 | 0.37 | 3.8 | 0.52 | 32.1ab | ||
Main effects | |||||||||
Challenge | No | 0.06 | 2.6 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 2.9 | 0.12a | 15.7 | |
Yes | 0.08 | 2.8 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 3.6 | 0.46b | 36.4 | ||
Diet type | Wheat | 0.07 | 2.8 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 3.3 | 0.26 | 26.9 | |
Maize | 0.08 | 2.6 | 0.31 | 0.17 | 3.2 | 0.32 | 25.2 | ||
Enzyme | Control | 0.10 | 2.8 | 0.21 | 0.43 | 3.6 | 0.22 | 23.7 | |
XYN10 | 0.09 | 2.5 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 2.9 | 0.25 | 23.7 | ||
XYN11 | 0.03 | 2.8 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 3.2 | 0.31 | 27.2 | ||
MAN | 0.07 | 2.5 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 3.3 | 0.38 | 29.6 | ||
SEM4 | 0.016 | 0.12 | 0.056 | 0.089 | 0.22 | 0.046 | 1.54 | ||
P-value | |||||||||
Challenge | 0.607 | 0.519 | 0.442 | 0.050 | 0.135 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
Diet type | 0.841 | 0.519 | 0.282 | 0.409 | 0.771 | 0.501 | 0.307 | ||
Enzyme | 0.361 | 0.578 | 0.501 | 0.524 | 0.751 | 0.541 | 0.033 | ||
Challenge × diet type | 0.392 | 0.292 | 0.361 | 0.934 | 0.926 | 0.818 | 0.068 | ||
Challenge × enzyme | 0.334 | 0.809 | 0.399 | 0.800 | 0.978 | 0.990 | 0.001 | ||
Diet type × enzyme | 0.039 | 0.226 | 0.363 | 0.143 | 0.128 | 0.074 | <0.001 | ||
Challenge × diet type × enzyme | 0.369 | 0.718 | 0.374 | 0.181 | 0.242 | 0.119 | 0.307 |
a-c Within a column, means with no common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).
Means are based on 6 replicates per treatment with 4 birds per replicate.
Control = no enzyme; XYN10 = xylanase from family 10; XYN11 = xylanase from family 11; MAN = β-mannanase.
Total volatile fatty acids = acetic acid + propionic acid + butyric acid + valeric acid + branched short-chain fatty acids.
SEM = standard error of the mean.