Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| MDD (n = 38) | HC (n = 40) | Statistic χ2/t (df) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (frequency, %) | 22, 57.89% | 26, 65% | 0.42 | 0.52 |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 37.24 ± 11.45 | 37.15 ± 10.40 | 0.035 (76) | 0.97 |
| Age at first episode (mean ± SD) | 20.45 ± 11.67 | – | – | – |
| Years since first episode (mean ± SD) | 16.79 ± 10.34 | – | – | – |
| Number of episodes (mean ± SD) | 4.40 ± 5.44 (35) | – | – | – |
| Duration of current episode, months (mean ± SD) | 55.69 ± 71.28 | – | – | – |
| Recurrent MDD (frequency, %) | 27, 71.05% | – | – | – |
| Current PPD (frequency, %) | 18, 47.37% | – | – | – |
| MADRS | 29.34 ± 5.16 | 0.62 ± 1.18 | 33.88 (75) | 2.16E−46* |
| QIDS-SR | 14.06 ± 4.32 (36) | 1.16 ± 1.79 (34) | 16.72 (70) | 1.35E−25* |
MDD major depressive disorder, HC healthy controls, PPD persistent depressive disorder, MADRS Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, QIDS-SR Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report. *p < 0.05 for MDD group compared to healthy control group.