Table 9.
Recent studies on the performance of solar distillers using other nanomaterials
| Ref | Nature | Still type | Material used | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omara et al. (2015) | Experimental | Single slope | Al2O3 + cuprous oxide | The yield enhanced by 285.10% and 254.88% for using cuprous and Al2O3 nanoparticles, respectively |
| Kabeel et al. (2019a, b) | Numerical | Single slope | 0.02% cuprous oxide | The daily yield improved by 106.86% |
| Shanmugan et al. (2020) | Experimental + Theoretical | Single slope | TiO2 |
In summer: average daily productivity was 7.89 L, and average efficiency of a system was 36.69% In winter: average daily productivity was 5.39 L, and average efficiency of a system was 57.16% |
| Kabeel et al. (2019a) | Experimental | Pyramid solar still | TiO2 black paint coated solar still | The distilled yield improved by 6.1% |
| Nijmeh et al. (2005) | Experimental | Dual slope | KMnO4 | The improvement in energy efficiency reached 26% |
| Elango et al. (2015) | Experimental | Single slope | Al2O3, ZnO, Fe2O3 and SnO2 | The yield improved 29.95, 12.67, and 18.63% for Al2O3, ZnO, and SnO2 nanofluids, respectively |
| Kabeel et al. (2018) | Experimental | Single slope | Graphite nanoparticles | The daily yield reached 7.73 L/m2 |
| Kabeel et al. (2019b) | Experimental | Single slope | Paraffin wax and graphite nanoparticles | The daily yield reached to 7.123, 7.475, 7.937, 8.249, and 8.52 L/m2 for 0.0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% graphite mass concentrations, respectively |
| Kabeel et al. (2020b) | - | Stepped solar still | Graphite and PCM + internal reflectors and evacuated tube collector | The daily distillate productivity varied between 13.6 and 13.62 L/m2 |
| Rufuss et al. (2018) | Experimental | Single slope | PCM + TiO2, CuO, and GO nanoparticles |
Add TiO2, CuO, and GO nanoparticles to PCM improved the yield to 3.92, 4.94, 5.28 and 3.66 L/ per day, respectively Water cost reached 0.026 $/L |
| Nazari et al. (2019) | Experimental + Theoretical | Single slope | Cu2O nanofluid + thermoelectric cooling channel |
Use of 0.08% Cu2O improved the yield and energy efficiency by 82.4% and 81.5%, respectively Water cost reached 0.021 $/L |
| Kabeel et al. (2017c) | Numerical | Single slope | Cu2O + Al2O3 | Use of 0.02% Cu2O and Al2O3 improved the daily yield to 4090 ml/m2 and 2875 ml/m2, respectively |
| Arani et al. (2021) | Experimental | SiO2 nanoparticles | Productivity improved by 55.18%, and water cost reached 0.012 $/L |