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. 2022 May 19;12:8419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12581-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HL-003 reduces oxidative stress. (a) Total antioxidant capacity levels were determined. (b) The concentration of MDA was determined. (c,d) Western blot analysis of NOX4. Relative quantification of the expression of NOX4 is shown. (e,f) Representative immunohistochemical images of 8-OHdG and SOD2. Scale bars represent 50 μm. Relative quantitative analysis is shown. Each bar shows the mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with the control group; ^#p < 0.05, ^####p < 0.0001, compared with the IR group (n = 6 per group).