Table 2.

Pooled estimates of the infection fatality ratio.

Age-band (years)	IFR (%) without seroreversion (95% PI)	IFR (%) with seroreversion (95% PI)
0–4	0 (0, 0.04)	0 (0, 0.04)
5–9	0.01 (0, 0.07)	0.01 (0, 0.07)
10–14	0.01 (0, 0.12)	0.01 (0, 0.11)
15–19	0.02 (0, 0.2)	0.02 (0, 0.19)
20–24	0.03 (0, 0.32)	0.03 (0, 0.31)
25–29	0.04 (0, 0.5)	0.04 (0, 0.48)
30–34	0.07 (0.01, 0.75)	0.06 (0.01, 0.72)
35–39	0.1 (0.01, 1.09)	0.1 (0.01, 1.05)
40–44	0.16 (0.02, 1.54)	0.16 (0.02, 1.47)
45–49	0.25 (0.03, 2.11)	0.24 (0.03, 2.02)
50–54	0.4 (0.06, 2.84)	0.38 (0.05, 2.7)
55–59	0.62 (0.1, 3.75)	0.59 (0.1, 3.56)
60–64	0.96 (0.19, 4.9)	0.92 (0.18, 4.64)
65–69	1.5 (0.35, 6.38)	1.43 (0.34, 6.03)
70–74	2.34 (0.66, 8.31)	2.23 (0.63, 7.85)
75–79	3.66 (1.23, 10.9)	3.47 (1.18, 10.27)
80–84	5.71 (2.26, 14.44)	5.41 (2.16, 13.59)
85–89	8.9 (4.09, 19.37)	8.43 (3.91, 18.21)
90+	17.36 (9.73, 30.97)	16.4 (9.25, 29.08)
Overall (LIC)	0.24 (0.15, 0.43)	0.23 (0.14, 0.41)
Overall (LMIC)	0.4 (0.27, 0.68)	0.39 (0.25, 0.65)
Overall (UMIC)	0.62 (0.41, 1.01)	0.59 (0.39, 0.97)
Overall (HIC)	1.16 (0.79, 1.82)	1.1 (0.75, 1.72)

Bold and Italic values represent the overall numbers at the end.

IFR estimates were calculated by combining study- and age-specific IFR estimates in a log-linear model. The median predicted estimate and corresponding 95% prediction intervals (PIs) are shown above. Predictive intervals were used to express the plausible range of IFRs that can be expected in a new study population, rather than showing our degree of certainty of our estimates with confidence intervals. For the 90+ age group, we assumed a maximum age of 100 years. The overall IFR estimates were standardised by the population structure in a representative low-income country (LIC), low-middle income country (LMIC), upper-middle income country (UMIC), and high-income country (HIC), assuming equal attack rates across age groups.