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. 2022 May 19;12:8456. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11819-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mucin-related glycosyl hydrolase profiles in the Verrucomicrobia and Lentisphaerae phlyum. (A) Representative intestinal mucin glycans structures and corresponding microbial GHs. (B) Heat map of the percentage of Akkermansia glycaniphila or Akkermansia muciniphila genomes that have at least one gene copy of mucin-associated GH mucin-associated GH 33, 16, 29, 95, 20, 2, 35, 42, 98, 101, 129, 89, 85, and 84. (C) Heat maps depicting the gene copy number of mucin-associated GHs in the strains of A. glycaniphila and A. muciniphila. (D) Growth analysis of A. muciniphila ATCC BAA-835 in a chemically defined media ZMB1 lacking glucose (media control), with glucose (positive control), or lacking glucose and supplemented with 1 mg/mL porcine intestinal MUC2. Growth was measured by examining the optical density at 600 nm (OD_600nm) after overnight incubation. (E) Heat maps showing the percentage of genomes that have at least one gene copy of each mucin-associated GH and depicting the gene copy number of mucin-associated GHs in the one strain of Victivallales bacterium.