Table 4.

Sensitivity of surveillance modalities in detecting pancreatic abnormalities

Abnormality on imaging	Total*, N	EUS	MRI/MRCP	EUS vs MRI/MRCP P value	EUS vs EUS+MRI/MRCP P value	MRI/MRCP vs EUS+MRI/MRCP P value
Solid lesions	25	100% (22/22)	22% (4/18)	<0.001	NA	<0.001
Indeterminate lesions†	36	61% (22/36)	54% (19/35)	0.85	<0.001	<0.001
Cystic lesions	463	42% (187/446)	83% (376/455)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
≥10 mm	38	70% (26/37)	92% (34/37)	0.06	0.001	0.25
<10 mm	424	39% (161/409)	82% (342/418)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
With solid component or mural nodule	5	100% (4/4)	20% (1/5)	0.13	NA	0.13
Main pancreatic ducts 5–9 mm‡	21	62% (13/21)	60% (12/20)	>0.99	0.01	0.01
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours	6	100% (6/6)	33% (2/6)	0.13	NA	0.13

Sensitivity was assessed at the first detection of the abnormality. The total number of abnormalities per modality (in brackets) differ if one of the modalities had not been performed at that specific visit.

*The used reference standard was presence of the abnormality on either EUS, MRI/MRCP or CT; only for neuroendocrine tumours the diagnosis was based on cytological or histological confirmation.

†Hypoechoic or hypointense lesions of unknown significance that could not with certainty be classified as solid or cystic at diagnosis.

‡With or without the presence of a focal lesion.

EUS, endoscopic ultrasonography; MRI/MRCP, MRI/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; NA, not applicable because sensitivity was 100% with and without performing MRI/MRCP; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.