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. 2022 May 19;13:2783. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30452-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Left: overlay of isolated single-action potential spikes recorded from 17 animals aligned by the upstroke. Right: the same AVL fires nearly identical action potentials under stimuli with various durations. b Positive action potentials in AVL were abolished in calcium-free extracellular solutions but a negative spike was still detected following membrane potential repolarization (orange trace). Left: current-injection stimulation steps (5 s in 1 pA increment). c–f Representative current-clamp recordings from AVL in different calcium channel mutants. Left: recording traces under current-injection series as shown in b. Right: overlay of single-action potential spikes from different mutants (colored traces) aligned to wild-type traces (same as in a but in gray). Action potentials are relatively normal in egl-19 (c), compromised in unc-2(lf) (d), enhanced in unc-2(gf), and severely compromised in egl-19;unc-2 (f). d, f Right inserts: zoomed-in view of the depolarization phase showing shallower upstroke in unc-2 (lf) and egl-19;unc-2. Scale bar is for the right inserts. g Statistical comparison of action potential measurements between different genotypes. The averaged peak amplitude and spike width in unc-2(lf) are significantly smaller than those of WT. Asterisks indicate significant differences: ***p = 0.000007 and *p = 0.02609, respectively; the averaged spike width in unc-2(gf) is significantly larger than that of the WT (*p = 0.02172). Resting membrane potential (Vrest): WT: −45.7 ± 1.1 mV; egl-19: −42.1 ± 2.3 mV; unc-2(lf): −46.4 ± 2.5 mV; unc-2(gf): −38.2 ± 13.4 mV. Peak amplitude: WT: 9.8 ± 0.8 mV; egl-19: 10.2 ± 1.2 mV; unc-2(lf): −0.6 ± 1.9 mV; unc-2(gf): 7.4 ± 2.2 mV. Threshold: WT: −23.3 ± 0.8 mV; egl-19: −20.8 ± 1.4 mV; unc-2(lf): −22.8 ± 2.0 mV; unc-2(gf): −28.1 ± 1.5 mV. Spike width: WT: 394.2 ± 40.0 ms; egl-19: 387.9 ± 67.6 ms; unc-2(lf): 234.3 ± 48.4 ms; unc-2(gf): 677.7 ± 147.8 ms. The number of animals recorded per genotype: WT: n = 17; egl-19: n = 8; unc-2(lf): n = 8; unc-2(gf): n = 8. Error bar is SEM. Statistics used was a two-sided two-sample t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.