Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients included for analysis (N = 107).
| N = 107 | |
|---|---|
| Age in years, median [IQR] | 70 [60–77] |
| Male, n (%) | 82 (77) |
| Time since HF diagnosis in years, median [IQR] | 12 [4–16] |
| BMI in kg/m2, median [IQR] | 27 [24–30] |
| LVEF in %, (SD) | 37 ± 11 |
| Reduced LVEF (≤ 40%), n (%) | 68 (63) |
| Mildly reduced LVEF (41–49%), n (%) | 25 (23) |
| Preserved LVEF, (≥ 50%), n (%) | 14 (13) |
| NYHA class, n (%) | |
| I | 25 (23) |
| II | 52 (49) |
| III | 25 (23) |
| IV | 4 (5) |
| Etiology | |
| Ischemic, n (%) | 50 (47) |
| Non -ischemic, n (%) | 57 (53) |
| Device | |
| CRT, n (%) | 72 (67) |
| Percentage biventricular pacing, median [IQR] | 99 [96–100] |
| First CRT implant, n (%) | 33 (31) |
| DDD/VVI ICD, n (%) | 35 (33) |
| Cardiac history | |
| CABG, n (%) | 19 (18) |
| Valve Surgery, n (%) | 17 (16) |
| Co-morbidities | |
| Atrial Fibrillation, n (%) | 43 (40) |
| Paroxysmal/persistent, n (%) | 31 (72) |
| Permanent, n (%) | 12 (28) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 50 (47) |
| COPD, n (%) | 7 (7) |
| Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) | 14 (13) |
| Ischemic CVA/TIA, n (%) | 7 (7) |
| Chronic kidney disease | |
| Stage 1 (>90 mL/min), n (%) | 13 (12) |
| Stage 2 (60–89 mL/min), n (%) | 49 (46) |
| Stage 3 A (45–59 mL/min), n (%) | 20 (19) |
| Stage 3 B (30–44 mL/min), n (%) | 15 (14) |
| Stage 4 (15 −29 mL/min), n (%) | 10 (9) |
| Laboratory findings | |
| NT-ProBNP ng/L, median [IQR] | 870 [314 −3215] |
| Hemoglobin mmol/L, median [IQR] | 8.5 [7.7- 9.0] |
| Medical therapy | |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 94 (88) |
| ACE-I/ARB/ARNI, n (%) | 96 (90) |
| ACE-I, n (%) | 55 (52) |
| ARNI, n (%) | 15 (14) |
| ARB, n (%) | 26 (24) |
| MRA, n (%) | 58 (54) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 75 (70) |
| Loop, n (%) | 66 (62) |
| Thiazides, n (%) | 9 (8) |
| Ivabradine, n (%) | 2 (2) |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 5 (5) |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARNI, angiotensin receptor- neprilysin inhibitor; BSA, body surface area; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineral corticoid inhibitor; NT-Pro BNP, n-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, new york heart association class.