Table 4.

Salivary ischemia biomarkers of the studies and control groups.

		Group			p-Value
		C	HS	IS	ANOVA	HS vs. C	IS vs. C	IS vs. HS
		n = 30	n = 15	n = 15
XO activity (μU/mL)	NWS*	41.24 ± 6.61 [38.77 - 43.71]	46.99 ± 7.12 [43.05 - 50.93]	56.17 ± 7.75 [51.88 - 60.46]	< 0.0001	0.0325	< 0.0001	0.0021
	SWS*	38.37 ± 8.23 [35.29 - 41.44]	40.67 ± 8.74 [35.83 - 45.52]	42.99 ± 7.57 [38.79 - 47.18]	0.2039	0.6488	0.1851	0.7218
XO specific activity (nU/mg protein)	NWS*	37.99 ± 9.6 [34.4 - 41.57]	55.06 ± 14.56 [47 - 63.13]	71.94 ± 20.24 [60.73 - 83.15]	< 0.0001	0.0009	< 0.0001	0.0051
	SWS*	31.25 ± 6.8 [28.71 - 33.79]	50.59 ± 20.73 [39.11 - 62.07]	47.35 ± 12.89 [40.21 - 54.48]	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0007	0.7751
XO output (μU/min)	NWS*	14 ± 3.96 [12.52 - 15.48]	17.62 ± 11.67 [11.15 - 24.08]	26.22 ± 14.65 [18.11 - 34.33]	0.0009	0.4701	0.0006	0.0474
	SWS*	34.93 ± 11.63 [30.59 - 39.28]	25.82 ± 12.12 [19.11 - 32.54]	29.75 ± 12.86 [22.63 - 36.88]	0.0562	0.0522	0.3697	0.6473
H2O2 concentration (nmol/L)	NWS*	239.7 ± 82.36 [208.9 - 270.5]	302.7 ± 72.37 [262.6 - 342.8]	500.9 ± 85.86 [453.3 - 548.4]	< 0.0001	0.7467	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
	SWS*	291.8 ± 77.43 [262.9 - 320.7]	351.1 ± 56.04 [320.1 - 382.1]	377.9 ± 89.92 [328.1 - 427.7]	0.0015	0.0438	0.0021	0.6024
UA concentration (μmol/L)	NWS*	58.83 ± 13.3 [53.86 - 63.8]	77.15 ± 23.25 [64.27 - 90.02]	102 ± 35.51 [82.37 - 121.7]	< 0.0001	0.0391	< 0.0001	0.0125
	SWS*	63.4 ± 18.34 [56.55 - 70.24]	57.87 ± 27.49 [42.65 - 73.1]	65.38 ± 31.49 [47.95 - 82.82]	0.6781	0.7571	0.9644	0.6804

ANOVA, analysis of variance; C, Control group (n = 30); H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; HS, hemorrhagic stroke group (n = 15); IS, ischemic stroke group (n = 15); n, number of patients; NWS, non-stimulated whole saliva; SWS, stimulated whole saliva; UA, uric acid; XO, xanthine oxidase.

*Expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)].