Table 1.

Wnt Signaling is Misregulated in Disorders Stemming from Endocrine Systems.

Protein	Genetics	Wnt activity	Condition	Organ System	Reference(s)
Dkk1	Increased*	Low	Gaucher’s**	NA	(41)
	Increased	Low	Type 1 Diabetes	Pancreas	(42)
	Increased*	Low	Hypothyroidism	Thyroid	(43)
LGR4	Missense mutation	High	Obesity & Metabolic Disorder**	NA	(44)
LRP4/5/6	Missense mutation	Low	Metabolic syndrome & Osteoporosis	Pancreas & Bone	(45)
	Polymorphism	Low	Type I Diabetes	Pancreas	(46)
	Loss-of-function	Low	Osteoporosis	Bone	(8)
	Gain-of-function	High	Dense bones, Osteosclerosis & Less insulin resistance	Bone	(47–51)
Sclerostin	Increased*	Low	Cushing’s	Adrenal gland	(52)
	Loss-of-function	High	Dense bones	Bone	(53–55)
	Increased	Low	Type 1 Diabetes	Pancreas	(42)
	Increased*	Low	Hyperparathyroidism/Hyperthyroidism	Thyroid gland	(43, 56)
	Increased*	Low	Hypothyroidism	Thyroid gland	(43)
	Decreased*	High	Acromegaly	Pituitary gland	(57)
SFRP2	Decreased*	High	Cushing’s	Adrenal gland	(58)
TCF7L2	Polymorphism		Type II Diabetes	Pancreas	(59, 60)
Wnt Ligand	Mutation	Low	Osteoporosis	Bone	(61)
	Loss-of-function & Missense	Low	Bone loss & Osteogenesis Imperfecta	Bone	(62–65)
	Loss-of-function	Low	Addison’s	Adrenal gland	(66)
	Polymorphism	High	Type II Diabetes	Pancreas	(67)
	Increased*	High	Obesity**	NA	(67)

*No genetic mutations reported; down and upregulation of protein levels.

**No endocrine organs.