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. 2022 May 6;13:892907. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892907

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Copyright © 2022 Nagel, Hammerbacher, Kunert, Phillips, Gershenzon and Schmidt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Induction of phenolic compounds in spruce bark after Endoconidiophora polonica infection. The concentration of flavan-3-ols (upper panel), other flavonoids (middle panel), and stilbenes (lower panel) were quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis from bark tissue harvested before and 14 days after infection with E. polonica. Trees investigated: (1) were from a stand with a history of previous bark beetle attack, but no current attack (PA), (2) were under current attack, but had no previous history of attack (CA), or (3) had no previous nor current attack (NA). Data are means ± SD of measurements from 6 to 19 biological replicates; exact numbers are given in the Section “Materials and Methods.” Statistical values for individual compounds are given in Supplementary Tables 4, 5.