Table 5.

Association between intimate partner violence and prenatal depression

Variable	OR (95% CI)	P value*
IPV†	3.864 (2.095 to 7.125)	<0.001
Mental violence†	3.259 (1.590 to 6.678)	0.001
Physical violence†	10.176 (3.495 to 29.627)	<0.001
Sexual violence†	4.121 (1.457 to 11.659)	0.008

*Values in bold face are statistically significant at p<0.05.

†Adjusted for age, participant and her partner’s education level, participant and her partner’s work status, marital status, living situation, professional psychological counselling, family care, gestational age, vaginal bleeding, pregnancy complications, pregnancy intention, intimacy with partner since COVID-19, household income since COVID-19, participant and her partner’s smoking habits, participant and her partner’s drinking habits, exercise, sitting time per day and IPV subtype.

IPV, intimate partner violence.