Table 2.
Final “Long List” of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM), Relating to Direct Symptoms.a
| Long list of patient-reported outcomes in DCM (symptoms) | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Location |
| Motor | |
| Grip Strength | |
| Arm Strength | |
| Leg Strength | |
| Clumsiness | |
| Lack of control of legs | |
| Falls | |
| Loss of dexterity | |
| Imbalance | |
| Cramps, spasms, or twitches - at arms or legs | |
| Shaking (or tremor) - at arms or legs | |
| Sensory | |
| Pain | Neck |
| Numbness | Shoulder |
| Burning | Arm |
| Pins and needles/parasthesiae | Hand |
| Stiffness | Leg |
| Heaviness | Face |
| Headache | |
| Lhermitz phenomena/electrical stabbing shocks | |
| Hot flushes/temperature dysregulation/sweating | |
| Neck clicking | |
| Back pain | |
| Allodynia | |
| Genitourinal/gastrointestinal | |
| Erectile dysfunction | |
| Sexual dysfunction | |
| Difficulty emptying bladder | |
| Urinary incontinence | |
| Nausea and vomiting | |
| Swallowing difficulties/choking | |
| Constipation | |
| Fecal incontinence | |
| Abdominal pain | |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Difficulty breathing, when performing physical activity | |
| Difficulty breathing, when lying flat | |
| Insomnia | |
| Symptom variability | |
| Fatigue | |
| Impaired cognition | |
| Depression/low mood | |
| Anxiety | |
| Dizziness | |
| Eyesight problems | |
| Tinnitus | |
| Hearing impairment | |
a A number of symptoms could be experienced in different locations, and this is referenced by the connecting brackets, including the perception or perceptions and the suggestion locations. Some symptoms were taken from the open-ended survey question and have therefore not been explored across the entire survey population (in red).