Medicinally potent pyridine-based compounds against various biological attributes.^73–80.

Compound	Activity	Potency	Mechanism of Action
	Cytotoxic activity against HT-29 cell line	IC50 = 6.78, 8.88 and 8.26 μM respectively	Morphological changes of HT-29 and ISH cells and caspase-3 activation
	Antidiabetic action	IC50 of alpha amylase inhibition is 54.18 ± 0.150 μg mL−1	Inhibition of α-amylase
	Antifungal activity	An inhibitory index of 77.0% against botrytis cinerea at 2.0 mg mL−1	Interaction with anionic components of the cell membranes, i.e., glucan, mannan, proteins, and lipids, to destroy the cell membranes or to form an impervious layer preventing the transport of essential nutrients from entering the cell
	Anti-inflammatory activity	COX-2 inhibitory activity in a range (IC50 = 0.25–0.89 mM)	Competitive selective COX-2 inhibitors
	Ulcerogenic liability	High COX-2 selectivity with COX-2 S.I. = 17.08	Competitive selective COX-2 inhibitors
	Antimicrobial activity	ZOI value 34 mm (more than the standard drug cefotaxime) against E. coli	Cell wall disruption
	Antimicrobial activity	ZOI value 34 mm (more than the standard drug cefotaxime) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa	High cell permeability efficacy
	Antitubercular activity	Inhibitory activity of 0.06 μM against the MDR H37RV strain	Inhibition of RNA synthesis
	Antitubercular activity	Antimycobacterial activity of 1.2 μg mL−1 against the MTB H37RV strain	Strong binding to the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
	Antimycobacterial activity	IC50 of 3.2 μM against the H37Rv strain	Inhibition of RNA synthesis
	Antimycobacterial activity	IC50 of 1.5 μM against the H37Rv strain	Inhibition of RNA synthesis