Table 4.
Estimates from separate logistic regression models examining daily self-reported exposure to sugary beverage and fast food advertisements among adolescents in six countries on a weekday (n=9171)
| Parameter | Daily exposure to sugary drinks ads | Daily exposure to fast food ads | ||
| Wald χ2 | Odds ratio (CI) | Wald χ2 | Odds ratio (CI) | |
| Country | 70.4* | 24.3* | ||
| AUS vs CAN | 0.89 (0.69 to 1.15) | 0.89 (0.72 to 1.10) | ||
| AUS vs CHILE | 0.37 (0.28 to 0.49) | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.43) | ||
| AUS vs MEX | 0.29 (0.22 to 0.38) | 0.90 (0.70 to 1.15) | ||
| AUS vs UK | 1.77 (1.26 to 2.50) | 2.00 (1.52 to 2.62) | ||
| AUS vs USA | 0.62 (0.47 to 0.81) | 0.67 (0.52 to 0.84) | ||
| CAN vs CHILE | 0.41 (0.33 to 0.52) | 1.24 (1.00 to 1.54) | ||
| CAN vs MEX | 0.33 (0.27 to 0.41) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.23) | ||
| CAN vs UK | 1.99 (1.47 to 2.70) | 2.24 (1.76 to 2.84) | ||
| CAN vs USA | 0.69 (0.56 to 0.86) | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.90) | ||
| CHILE vs MEX | 0.79 (0.62 to 1.00) | 0.81 (0.63 to 1.03) | ||
| CHILE vs UK | 4.80 (3.46 to 6.67) | 1.80 (1.36 to 2.39) | ||
| CHILE vs USA | 1.67 (1.30 to 2.14) | 0.60 (0.47 to 0.76) | ||
| MEX vs UK | 6.07 (4.39 to 8.39) | 2.23 (1.69 to 2.94) | ||
| MEX vs USA | 2.11 (1.66 to 2.68) | 0.74 (0.59 to 0.94) | ||
| UK vs USA | 0.35 (0.25 to 0.48) | 0.33 (0.26 to 0.43) | ||
| Sex | 1.5 | 0.4 | ||
| Female vs male | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.17) | ||
| Age | 0.0 | 1.2 | ||
| 10–13 years vs 14–17 years | 1.00 (0.86 to 1.16) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.08) | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.1 | 0.0 | ||
| Majority vs minority | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.23) | 1.00 (0.85 to 1.18) | ||
| Perceived income adequacy | 1.0 | 4.5 | ||
| Adequate vs inadequate | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.11) | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.03) | ||
| School grades | 0.4 | 3.2 | ||
| High vs low | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.17) | 0.95 (0.79 to 1.15) | ||
| High vs mid | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.13) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) | ||
| Low vs mid | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.29) | 0.92 (0.76 to 1.11) | ||
| BMI | 6.3* | 6.4* | ||
| Not reported vs obesity | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.95) | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.94) | ||
| Not reported vs overweight | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.88) | 0.75 (0.61 to 0.92) | ||
| Not reported vs severe thinness/thinness/normal weight | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.96) | 0.78 (0.66 to 0.93) | ||
| Obesity vs overweight | 0.96 (0.74 to 1.25) | 1.01 (0.79 to 1.28) | ||
| Obesity vs severe thinness/thinness/normal weight | 1.09 (0.86 to 1.38) | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.30) | ||
| Overweight vs severe thinness/thinness/normal weight | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.38) | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.24) | ||
| Exposure to screen based media (weekday) | 88.2* | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.07) | 121.4* | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.07) |
The variable listed second is the reference variable. Exposure to screen-based media is expressed in minutes.
*Indicates significant Wald χ2 test (p<0.01).
AUS, Australia; BMI, body mass index; CAN, Canada; MEX, Mexico; UK, United Kingdom; USA, United States of America.