Table 1.
Sample demographics and cognitive performance.
| SCA (n = 94) | Control (n = 42) | Between-group differences | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | Count (percentage)/Median (IQR) | ||
| Sex | 46 Male (48.94%) | 16 Male (38.10%) | p = 0.32 |
| Age (yr) | 16.67 (13.32–19.89) | 17.33 (14.57–20.48) | p = 0.65 |
| Education Decile | 5 (4 –7) | 5 (4–6) | p = 0.72 |
| Hematological variables | |||
| Arterial oxygen content (CaO2, mL/d) | 11.79 (10.39–12.92) | 17.69 (17.42–18.22) | p < 0.0001*** |
| Radiological variables | |||
| Silent Cerebral Infarction (SCI) | 39 (41.49%) | 4 (9.52%) | p = 0.0005*** |
| SCI burden (1 mm3 voxels) | 59 (33.5–149.5) | 19 (15.0–35.5) | p = 0.11 |
| Cognitive variables | Mean (SD)/Median (IQR) | ||
| Intelligence quotient (IQ) | 92.63 (13.44) | 98.10 (12.00) | p = 0.02* |
| Working memory index (WMI) | 91.73 (13.69) | 99.24 (13.48) | p = 0.004** |
| Processing speed index (PSI) | 89.49 (12.96) | 97.55 (13.17) | p = 0.001*** |
| Tower Completion Time | 559.44 (147.44) | 561.17 (151.88) | p = 0.95 |
| Tower Achievement | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–11) | p = 0.56 |
| Hemodynamic variables | Mean (SD)/Median (IQR) | ||
| sTI ASL | n = 89 | n = 42 | |
| Grey Matter CBF (ml/100 g/min) | 54.06 (7.78) | 42.52 (7.13) | p < 0.0001*** |
| White Matter CBF (ml/100 g/min) | 31.25 (4.82) | 22.91 (4.49) | p < 0.0001*** |
| 90th percentile Sag. Sinus CBF (ml/100 g/min) | 104.66 (80.06–145.60) | 66.18 (57.03–78.93) | p < 0.0001*** |
| mTI ASL | n = 80 | n = 36 | |
| Grey Matter CBF (ml/100 g/min) | 129.02 (22.26) | 89.62 (11.83) | p < 0.0001*** |
| White Matter CBF (ml/100 g/min) | 69.52 (11.99) | 51.83 (7.46) | p < 0.0001*** |
| 90th percentile Sag. Sinus CBF (ml/100g/min) | 253.77 (157.73–467.67) | 145.83 (113.95–202.52) | |
| Grey Matter BAT (s) | 0.72 (0.66–0.75) | 0.82 (0.77–0.89) | p < 0.0001*** |
| White Matter BAT (s) | 0.96 (0.91–1.05) | 1.15 (1.08–1.26) | p < 0.0001*** |
| 90th percentile Sag. Sinus BAT (s) | 1.17 (0.98–1.45) | 1.01 (0.87–1.10) | p = 0.0025** |
Values are summary and test statistics. SCA ; sickle cell anemia; sTI; single inflow time sequence: mTI; multi inflow time sequence: CBF; cerebral blood flow: BAT; bolus arrival time: 90th%ile Sag. Sinus; high-signal regions of sagittal sinus: SD; standard deviation: IQR; interquartile range: p;probability values for between-group differences. Full statistics are presented in the extended supplementary table (Table e1). ^p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.