Fig. 1.

Celastrol (Cel) protects mice from experimental sepsis and endotoxic shock. a Survival rates of cecal ligation puncture (CLP) mice with or without Cel (1 mg/kg, i.p.). b Serum indicators of liver and kidney function in endotoxemic mice. c Release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in endotoxemic mice. d Hematoxylin–eosin staining of intestine, kidney, liver and lung sections from endotoxemic mice. Scale bar = 200 μm. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). ^###P < 0.001 vs. Control; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Model. ALT alanine aminotransferase, PNS prednisone, AST aspartate aminotransferase, UA uric acid, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β interleukin-1β, IL-6 interleukin-6