Table 12. Drugs and other substances inducing or exacerbating hypertension.

Alcohol

Amphetamines (eg, amphetamine, methylphenidate dexmethylphenidate, dextroamphetamine)

Angiogenesis inhibitor (eg, bevacizumab) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, sunitinib, sorafenib)

Antidepressants (eg, MAOIs, SNRIs, TCAs)

Atypical antipsychotics (eg, clozapine, olanzapine)

Caffeine

Decongestants (eg, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine)

Erythropoietin

Herbal supplements (eg, Ma Huang [ephedra], St. John’s wort [with MAOIs, yohimbine])

Immunosuppressants (eg, cyclosporine, tacrolimus)

Oral contraceptives

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Recreational drugs (eg, “bath salts” [MDPV], cocaine, methamphetamine, etc.)

Systemic corticosteroids (eg, dexamethasone, fludrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisone, prednisolone)

Modified from Whelton PK, et al.¹⁶² and Faselis C, et al.¹⁶⁶

MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor; MDPV, methylenedioxypyrovalerone; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants.