Figure 1.

Schematic view of the microbiome-immunity relationship in the context of vaccination. Recent studies demonstrate that there is an association between microbiota and vaccine responses. Gut microbiome composition can be modulated through dietary intake and other environmental factors such as the use of antibiotics or probiotic consumption. With the discovery that abundance of specific bacterial taxa is correlated with increased immune responses after vaccination, therapeutic strategies using pre- or probiotics in combination with vaccination could represent an effective alternative to increase vaccine responses. Created with BioRender.com.