Table 11.

Factors to be considered before the physical restraints

• What are the objectives of physical restraint?

• What are the risks associated with particular physical restraint?

• Management plan of specific anticipated risks associated with the particular restraint plan

• Consensus about the exact timing of using a specific physical restraint

• Patient-specific risk factors: age, gender, degree of cooperation, possible intoxication, any medications given, presence of cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorders

• Any specific risk factors that may increase the patient’s risk of harm during restraint?

• Vulnerability to significant psychological trauma, especially for minors and the elderly

• Any cultural connotations

• Availability of emergency medicines, oxygen, required medical equipment