An Open-label Study Assessing the Efficacy and Tolerability of a Post-treatment Skincare Protocol Following Radiofrequency Microneedling for Facial Rejuvenation

Abstract

Background

A post-treatment skincare protocol (Finishing Touch™ Protocol; Colorescience®, Inc.) comprising several commercial products was developed for use after minimally invasive facial procedures.

Objective

Our objective was to assess the effect of this post-treatment protocol on subject experiences following radiofrequency microneedling including confidence to resume normal activities, treatment satisfaction and likelihood for retreatment.

Methods

Healthy female subjects, aged 21 to 65 years with Fitzpatrick Skin Types I to IV seeking facial rejuvenation with radiofrequency microneedling were enrolled (N=29). The microneedling procedure was performed during the baseline visit. Digital images were obtained before and immediately following microneedling, and after post-procedure application of the skincare protocol. A nonmedicated barrier ointment was also applied prior to the skincare protocol immediately following treatment in a third group of subjects. Subsequently, the skincare protocol was applied each morning after regular skincare routines. Subjects returned after four weeks for a final assessment, a self-assessment questionnaire, and treatment satisfaction ratings.

Results

Following skincare protocol application, most subjects (97%) observed improvements in skin redness and/or treatment site marks, felt more confident (90%) and were very or extremely comfortable resuming normal activities (86%). Mild-to-moderate adverse events (n=4) resolved and were consistent with adverse events reported in the literature with no bleeding immediately following the microneedling with radiofrequency treatment.

Limitations

Primary limitations were the small number of subjects and self-reported outcomes.

Conclusion

Based on our results, the studied post-treatment skincare protocol appeared to improve subject confidence, comfort, satisfaction, and the likelihood of a repeat radiofrequency microneedling procedure among the included patients. No reported adverse events incremental to standard microneedling were observed.

The number of patients seeking treatment for facial skin wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, sun damage, and acne scars continues to rise. Since 2000, minimally-invasive procedures have increased by 237 percent and now exceed 16 million annually.1 To meet this demand, numerous minimally-invasive procedures have been developed, such as laser and radiofrequency resurfacing,2, 3 dermal fillers,4 chemical peels,5 microfocused ultrasound,6 helium plasma,7 intense pulsed light,8 and microneedling.9

Microneedling, also known as collagen induction therapy, is a common dermal therapy that utilizes devices that penetrate the dermis to a uniform depth, creating a controlled skin injury. This injury induces rapidly healing micropunctures with subsequent stimulation of collagen and elastin fiber production, resulting in skin remodeling and rejuvenation.9 Microneedling was originally performed with handheld rollers for treating acne scars, stretch marks, wrinkles and facial rejuvenation;10–12 however, microneedling devices have more recently been combined with the delivery of radiofrequency energy to heat underlying layers of skin and enhance dermal remodeling and improved clinical outcomes.13

Microneedling is generally regarded as a safe and relatively inexpensive alternative to other forms of skin rejuvenation.9 A topical anesthetic is usually applied prior to the procedure to minimize discomfort.9 In a recent review, the most common side effects associated with this treatment include transient pain or discomfort, erythema, and edema.14 Although these effects are mild and spontaneously resolve, they can lead to patient concerns about their appearance immediately following the procedure, which might adversely affect self-confidence and impact their social lives.

In an unpublished study (Data on file. Colorescience®, Inc., Carlsbad, CA.), 34 subjects underwent 42 minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures in six clinics, including chemical peels (n=13), intense pulsed light (n=7), laser resurfacing (n=7), microneedling (n=6), dermal fillers (n=5), and other minimally invasive procedures (n=4). Digital images were obtained prior to the cosmetic procedure, immediately post-treatment, after the post-treatment application of a series of skin protection and skin care products (Colorescience®, Inc. Carlsbad, CA) and after four weeks of use. After the post-procedure application of skincare products, subjects were shown their pre- and post-treatment images and asked to respond to several questions about their treatment. Although 50 percent of subjects were very or extremely uncomfortable immediately following their procedure, 94 percent would otherwise have been very or extremely self-conscious in public. Also, 88 percent of subjects reported their skin felt more comfortable following application of the skincare products, 95 percent would be less self-conscious in public, 94 percent reported the products immediately made their skin look better, 97 percent would be more likely to consider another having treatment again and 87 percent believed it improved their overall impression of their treatment procedure. After four weeks, most subjects reported their skin felt younger and healthier (94%), were more confident about repeating their procedure (94%) and would continue using their skincare as part of their daily routine (94%).

Based on these promising results, a post-treatment skincare protocol was developed specifically for use after minimally-invasive facial procedures (Finishing Touch™ Protocol; Colorescience®, Inc., Carlsbad, CA). The objective of the following study was to assess product safety and the effect of this post-treatment protocol on several subject experiences including confidence to resume normal activities, comfort, treatment satisfaction and likelihood to undergo retreatment following facial radiofrequency microneedling.

METHODS

Study subjects. Female subjects, aged 21 to 65 years with Fitzpatrick Skin Types I to IV seeking facial rejuvenation with radiofrequency microneedling were enrolled. Subjects were required to be in generally good health and free of any disorder or condition that might place the subject at risk or impair facial evaluations. Each subject expressed their willingness to follow all study requirements and commit to all follow-up visits. Subjects were permitted to continue using their usual cosmetic products or medications but not add any new products to avoid any confounding effects. Usual skin products included over-the-counter and physician-dispensed cleansers, serums, lotions, creams, or sunscreens. Subjects of child-bearing potential provided a negative urine pregnancy test result at the Screening Visit and agreed to use an effective method of birth control during the study.

Reasons for exclusion from the study included the use of a systemic retinoid within 180 days or topical retinoid within 60 days; presence of open facial wounds, neurotic excoriations, or dermatitis; skin cancer or suspicious lesions on the planned treatment area; allergy or sensitivity to study product ingredients; active facial psoriasis, eczema, sunburn, excessive scarring, tattoos, or other skin condition that could interfere with study assessments; uncontrolled systemic illness; ablative laser resurfacing, facial peel, microdermabrasion, or a microneedling treatment within 30 days; facial non-ablative laser or intense pulsed light treatment within 60 days; participation in another study within 30 days; concurrent participation in another research study; nursing, pregnant, or planning to become pregnant.

The study was designed to compare subject responses regarding their pre- and post-treatment experience with microneedling with radiofrequency immediately before and after application of the skincare protocol and after four weeks post-procedure application. As topical products are often applied following facial microneedling,16 the study also included a third group of subjects who applied a non-medicated barrier ointment prior to the skincare protocol application following the microneedling procedure.

Ethics. This study protocol and related materials were approved by a commercial institutional review board (WCG - Aspire IRB, Santee, CA). Each subject provided signed informed consent and photography release prior to participating in any study-related activities. This study was conducted in compliance with International Conference of Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guidelines and Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects, or the Common Rule (45 CFR 46).

Study procedures. The screening visit occurred two weeks prior to the radiofrequency microneedling procedure. During the screening visit, subjects provided written informed consent and HIPAA and photographic release. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, medical history, and current medications were reviewed. Baseline standardized digital images were obtained approximately 20 minutes after cleansing the facial skin. Subjects were randomized to one of three treatment groups (Table 1) and instructions were provided for applying the full-face post-microneedling skincare protocol (Finishing Touch™ Protocol; Colorescience, Inc., Carlsbad, CA).

TABLE 1.

Three Randomized Treatment Groups

GROUP 1, (N=10)	GROUP 2, (N=10)	GROUP 3, (N=9)a
All Calm® Redness Corrector, SPF 50b	Even Up® Clinical Pigment Perfector, SPF 50c	Even Up® Clinical Pigment Perfector, SPF 50 n=4, All Calm® Redness Corrector, SPF 50 t n=5
Sunforgettable® Total Protection™ Brush-On Shield, SPF 50d	Sunforgettable® Total Protection™ Brush-On Shield, SPF 50d	Sunforgettable® Total Protection™ Brush-On Shield, SPF 50d
Hydrating Miste	Hydrating Miste	Hydrating Miste
Total Eye™ 3-in-1 Renewal Therapy, SPF 35f	Total Eye™ 3-in-1 Renewal Therapy, SPF 35f	Total Eye™ 3-in-1 Renewal Therapy, SPF 35f
Mineral Corrector Palette, SPF 20g	Mineral Corrector Palette, SPF 20g	Mineral Corrector Palette, SPF 20g
Lip Shine, SPF 35h	Lip Shine, SPF 35h	Lip Shine, SPF 35h

All products from Colorescience, Inc., Carlsbad, CA.

^aThese subjects also applied a nonmedicated barrier ointment on the first post-treatment day.

^bContains titanium dioxide 11.6%, Zinc Oxide 8.6%, cyclopentasiloxane, caprylic/capric triglyceride, water/aqua/eau, dimethicone crosspolymer, niacinamide, Disteardimonium hectorite, dimethicone/vinyl simethicone crosspolymer, propylene carbonate, disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, Crithmum maritimum extract, Magnolia officinalis bark extract, Zingiber officinale (ginger) root extract, magnesium carboxymethyl beta-glucan, jojoba esters, bisabolol, silica, polyhydroxystearic acid, dimethiconol, alumina, glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate, phenoxyethanol, triethoxycaprylylsilane, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, dehydroacetic acid, benzoic acid, glycolic acid, chloroacetic acid, chromium oxide greens (CI 77288), iron oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

^cContains titanium dioxide 11.6%, zinc oxide 8.6%, cyclopentasiloxane, isocetyl stearoyl stearate, dimethicone crosspolymer, Thermus thermophillus ferment, water/aqua/eau, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, panthenyl triacetate, Rheum rhaponticum root extract, Bidens pilosa extract, Elaeis guineensis (palm) oil, Gossypium herbaceum (cotton) seed oil, Linum usitatissimum (linseed) seed oil, tocopherol, dimethiconol, Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) seed extract, glycerin, dimethicone, Fusanus spicatus wood oil, Vanilla planifolia fruit extract, ascorbic acid, caprylic/capric triglyceride, pentylene glycol, triethoxycaprylylsilane, acrylates/C12-22 alkyl methacrylate copolymer, phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, potassium sorbate, farnesol, iron oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

^dContains titanium dioxide 22.5%, zinc oxide 22.5%, mica, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, dimethiconol/propylsilsequioxane/silicate crosspolymer, Lycopodium clavatum extract, sodium hyaluronate, Imperata cyclindrica root extract, glycerin, water, Caesalpinia spinosa fruit pod extract, Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract, Camellia sinensis leaf extract, Quercus robur (oak) wood extract, Helianthus annuus (sunflower) sprout extract, maltodextrin, methicone, triethoxycaprylylsilane, laureth-4, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, chromium oxide greens (CI 77288), iron oxides (CI77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

^eContains Chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower water, Cananga odorata flower water, deuterium oxide, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, citric acid, farnesol, limonene, linalool.

^fContains titanium dioxide 7.9%, zinc oxide 6.7%, aqua/water, hydrogenated polyisobutene, cyclopentasiloxane, caprylic/capric triglyceride, lauryl polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, glycerin, panthenol, mica, dimethicone crosspolymer, Albizia julibrissin bark extract, sea water, sorbitol, jojoba esters, sodium hyaluronate, palmitoyl tripeptide-5, Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extract, hydrolyzed algin, Ascophyllum nodosum extract, betaine, Dunaliella salina extract, Asparagopsis armata extract, sucrose, darutoside, pantolactone, tocopherol, sodium chloride, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, silica, polyhydroxystearic acid, glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate, dimethicone, lauroyl lysine, dimethiconol, ethylhexylglycerin, triethoxycaprylylsilane, alumina, phenoxyethanol, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, citric acid, iron oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

^gContains titanium dioxide 21.2%, zinc oxide 12.1%, mica, ethylhexyl hydroxystearate benzoate, tocopheryl acetate, Daucus carota sativa (carrot) seed oil, glycerin, methicone, dimethicone, triethoxycaprylylsilane, Lycopodium clavatum extract, Imperata cylindrica root extract, lauroyl lysine, silica, Pelargonium graveolens flower oil, Cananga odorata flower oil, Fusanus spicatus wood oil, phenethyl alcohol, sodium dehydroacetate, caprylyl glycol, phenoxyethanol, potassium sorbate, benzyl benzoate, farnesol, linalool, bismuth oxychloride (CI 77163), chromium oxide greens (CI 77288), iron oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

^hContains zinc oxide 6.6%, phenyl trimethicone, bis-vinyl dimethicone/dimethicone copolymer, neopentyl glycol diheptanoate, disteardimonium hectorite, mica, ethylhexyl palmitate, tocopheryl acetate, triethyl citrate, glyceryl isostearate, cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 dimethicone, polyhydroxystearic acid, tribehenin, sodium hyaluronate, palmitoyl tripeptide-1, sorbitan isostearate, tin oxide, flavor/aroma, limonene, iron oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499), titanium dioxide (CI 77891), carmine (CI 75470) (color additive).

The microneedling with radiofrequency procedure was performed during the baseline visit (Legend Pro™; Lumenis® Inc., San Jose, CA) using a 6x6 needle array, 150 µm width, 0.6 mm length, at a frequency of 1 MHz and power up to 17.5 W. The skincare protocol was applied following the procedure and every morning. Immediately following the procedure, a subgroup of subjects applied a nonmedicated barrier ointment prior to the skincare protocol. Subsequently, products were applied each morning after regular skin care routines and before applying makeup. The subjects followed their regular evening skincare regimen. Subjects received a supply of the skincare protocol for use during the study.

Subjects returned after four weeks for a final assessment visit when digital images were obtained, the investigator assessed skin health and treatment recovery, current medications and adverse events were reviewed, and subjects completed a self-assessment questionnaire and rated treatment satisfaction from 1 (Excellent, very satisfied) to 4 (Poor, not satisfied at all).

Statistical Analysis. Changes from baseline through Week 4 were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for small sample sizes to compare responses between product groups (SPSS Statistics for Windows, v 27.0; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). Statistical testing was two-sided and interpreted with an α=0.05.

RESULTS

The mean age of enrolled subjects (N=29) was 42.7 years (range, 23-63 years). Subjects self-identified as Caucasian (n=26) and Hispanic (n=3) with Fitzpatrick Skin Types I (n=4), II (n=21), III (n=3) and IV (n=1). The third group of subjects (n=9) applied a non-medicated barrier ointment prior to the skincare protocol application on post-treatment Day 1.

Responses to the Investigator Questionnaire are summarized in Table 2. Prior to treatment, more than half of subjects (59%) expressed being very or extremely concerned about their post-procedure appearance. Immediately following the procedure, 52 percent of subjects did not appear confident about their appearance after the radiofrequency microneedling. In general, a similar number of patients (59%) have cancelled or reschedule procedure appointments due to concerns over their post-procedure appearance and 62 percent of patients have contacted their office over treatment-related concerns.

TABLE 2.

Investigator Responses

SURVEY ITEM	OVERALL (N=29)
How concerned are patients about their appearance post-microneedling?
Not at all concerned	1 (3.4)
Not very concerned	3 (10.3)
Somewhat concerned	8 (27.6)
Very concerned	12 (41.4)
Extremely concerned	5 (17.2)
How often do patients reschedule or cancel appointments due to concerns over their appearance following microneedling with radiofrequency and other non-ablative procedures?
Not at all often	1 (3.4)
Not very often	11 (37.9)
Somewhat often	15 (51.7)
Very often	2 (6.9)
How often do patients call after procedures with concerns about their appearance?
Not very often	11 (37.9)
Somewhat often	16 (55.2)
Very often	2 (6.9)
How confident did the subject appear immediately after the microneedling before the application of the protocol products?
Not at all confident	1 (3.4)
Not very confident	14 (48.3)
Somewhat confident	11 (37.9)
Very confident	2 (6.9)
Extremely confident	1 (3.4)
How confident did the subject appear immediately after the microneedling after the application of the protocol products?
Somewhat confident	3 (10.3)
Very confident	24 (82.8)
Extremely confident	2 (6.9)

Among treated subjects, 14 (43%) were hesitant to undergo microneedling due to concerns over needing to take time off from normal activities. Pre- and post-treated subject questionnaire responses are summarized in Table 3. Immediately after microneedling, 59 percent of subjects said their skin felt uncomfortable. Skin redness was observed by 86 percent of subjects and microneedling marks were seen by 41 percent. Nearly half of treated subjects (49%) were somewhat or very bothered by their appearance.

TABLE 3.

Subject Responses

SURVEY ITEM	OVERALL (N=29)
How uncomfortable did your skin feel immediately after the treatment and before the application of the protocol products?
Not at all uncomfortable	3 (10.3)
Not very uncomfortable	9 (31.0)
Somewhat uncomfortable	17 (58.6)
Did you observe treatment site marks after microneedling and before the application of the protocol products?
Yes	12 (41.4)
No	17 (58.6)
Did you observe treatment site redness after microneedling and before the application of the protocol products?
Yes	25 (86.2)
No	4 (13.8)
Did you observe redness and/or treatment site marks after microneedling and before the application of the protocol products?
Yes	28 (96.6)
No	1 (3.4)
Following treatment and before the application of the protocol products, how bothered are you by any bruising, redness, treatment site marks, swelling, other?
Not at all bothered	3 (10.3)
Not very bothered	12 (41.4)
Somewhat bothered	13 44.8)
Very Bothered	1 (3.4)
If you observed treatment site marks, did they improve after applying the protocol products?
Yes	8 (66.7)
No	4 (33.3)
Did application of protocol products immediately make your skin look better?
Yes	28 (96.6)
No	1 (3.4)
After applying the protocol products, how comfortable were you to resume your normal daily activities?
Somewhat confident	4 (13.8)
Very confident	11 (37.9)
Extremely confident	14 (48.3)
Based on the way your skin looks and feels after the application of the protocol products, how likely are you to consider radiofrequency microneedling again?
Somewhat likely	3 (10.3)
Very likely	6 (20.7)
Extremely likely	20 (69.0)
Did application of the protocol products improve your perception of radiofrequency microneedling?
Yes	29 (100.0)
No	0 (0.0)
Knowing product protocol is part of the procedure, how likely are you to schedule your next procedure on any day or time of day?
Somewhat likely	4 (13.8)
Very likely	8 (27.6)
Extremely likely	17 (58.6)
Which description best represents your overall satisfaction with the protocol Touch protocol application?
Good (moderately satisfied)	1 (3.4)
Excellent (very satisfied)	28 (96.6)
Among subjects reporting discomfort after microneedling (n=17), how comfortable was your skin after applying protocol products?
Not at all uncomfortable	1 (3.4)
Not very uncomfortable	7 (41.2)
Somewhat uncomfortable	7 (41.2)
Very uncomfortable	2 (11.8)
How easy was it to apply the protocol products?
Very easy	8 (30.8)
Extremely easy	18 (69.2)
Do you feel your skin looks and feels rejuvenated after using the protocol products (n=28)?
Yes	25 (96.2)
No	1 (3.8)
How likely are you to recommend the protocol products to others (n=26)?
Very likely	3 (11.5)
Extremely likely	23 (88.5)
Will you continue to use the protocol products (n=26)?
Yes	25 (96.2)
No	1 (3.8)

After application of the skincare protocol, 68 percent of subjects observed an improvement in skin redness, 68 percent saw improvement in treatment site marks and 97 percent saw an overall improvement in redness and/or treatment site marks. Most subjects (97%) thought the skincare protocol made their skin look better after the procedure, 90 percent felt more confident, and 86 percent were very or extremely comfortable resuming normal activities.

Most subjects (90%) were very or extremely likely to have a microneedling procedure again after receiving the skincare protocol and all subjects (100%) said the skincare protocol improved their perception of the radiofrequency microneedling procedure. After this experience, 86% of subjects would be very or extremely comfortable booking their next microneedling procedure on any day of the week or time of day. Overall, 96 percent of subjects were extremely satisfied with their experience. The results for three representative subjects are shown in Figures 1 to 3.

FIGURE 1.

A) Subject prior to microneedling; B) immediately following microneedling procedure but prior to the skincare protocol and; C) after application of the skincare protocol

FIGURE 3.

A) Subject prior to microneedling; B) immediately following microneedling procedure but prior to the skincare protocol and; C) after application of the skincare protocol

FIGURE 2.

A) Subject prior to microneedling; B) immediately following microneedling procedure but prior to the skincare protocol and; C) after application of the skincare protocol

Among subjects experiencing initial treatment discomfort (n=17), 47 percent said the skincare protocol made their skin feel more comfortable. All subjects (100%) reported applying the skincare products at home was easy and most (96%) believed continued use of the products at home made their skin look and feel rejuvenated. All subjects (100%) said they would recommend the skincare protocol products to others and 96 percent plan to continue to use these products at home. Responses to subject satisfaction questions are summarized in Table 4.

TABLE 4.

Subject Satisfaction

SURVEY ITEM	EVEN UP (N=12)	ALL CALM (N=14)
How likely are you to recommend microneedling with radiofrequency to others?
Extremely likely	6 (50.0)	9 (64.3)
Very likely	4 (33.3)	4 (28.6)
Somewhat likely	2 (16.7)	1 (7.1)
How likely are you to recommend the protocol products to others?
Extremely likely	9 (75.0)	14 (100)
Very likely	3 (25.0)	0

Safety. Four subjects reported mild-to-moderate adverse events of redness, itching, burning and swelling which are consistent with the previously reported adverse event profile of microneedling with radiofrequency therapy.17 Three of these subjects were treated with a steroid cream or injection. There were no reports of nodules or granulomas. There were no adverse events among subjects that applied a barrier product prior to the study protocol products (n=9). All adverse events resolved, and all subjects continued application of the study protocol products.

DISCUSSION

Patients undergoing radiofrequency microneedling commonly experience mild-to-moderate erythema and mild edema which may persist for several days.17, 18 For this reason, many of the subjects in the current study expressed concern about their appearance after the procedure and many patients cancel or reschedule their procedures due to concerns about their post-procedure appearance. While more than half of treated subjects did not appear confident about their appearance after their microneedling procedure based on investigator impressions, the results of this study demonstrated that the application of a skincare protocol following treatment enhanced subject experiences including confidence to resume normal activities, comfort, treatment satisfaction, and likelihood to undergo repeat treatments.

The concerns of patients over their post-treatment facial appearance are similar to individuals with facial conditions associated with skin disorders such as rosacea, melasma and port-wine stains. Numerous studies have demonstrated the psychological impact of facial blemishes and their effect on quality of life in these individuals.19-25 Camouflaging facial skin imperfections with cosmetics is a viable treatment.26-28 Cosmetic camouflage provides a significant emotional benefit for patients with facial skin conditions such as rosacea and melasma20, 29 and has been shown to improve the appearance30 and quality of life among patients with vitiligo.31

Radiofrequency microneedling is just one of several minimally invasive procedures used for facial rejuvenation. Other methods including chemical peels, lasers, light and ultrasound devices, neuromodulators and injectable fillers, all of which may be associated with treatment-related complications.32, 33 Laser resurfacing may causes edema, erythema, and discoloration lasting 2 to 3 weeks.34, 35 Injection of dermal fillers can cause erythema, bruising/ecchymosis and trauma-related edema36-38 that can persist for 1 to 2 weeks.39 It is not uncommon to experience erythema, irritation and burning following chemical peels.40

The skincare protocol may also be useful for camouflaging the unwanted effects of these minimally invasive aesthetic procedures. The application of a tinted broad-spectrum sunscreen following intense pulsed light procedures immediately improved facial appearance, decreased self-consciousness and decreased treatment-related discomfort41 In a previous unpublished study (Data on file. Colorescience®, Inc., Carlsbad, CA.), a skincare protocol similar to that used in the current study improved facial appearance and decreased self-consciousness following chemical peels, intense pulsed light, laser resurfacing, microneedling, and dermal fillers.

Importantly, the skincare protocol used in this study includes products which provide mineral-based SPF-50 protection against damaging ultraviolet and high energy visible light42 and environment insults.⁴³

Limitations. The primary limitations to this study were the modest number of enrolled subjects and the use of subjective, self-reported outcomes.

CONCLUSION

A skincare protocol has been developed for use following facial radiofrequency microneedling procedures. When applied immediately following the procedure, it increases subject confidence to resume normal activities, comfort, camouflage, overall treatment satisfaction and likelihood to undergo retreatment while providing essential mineral SPF, HEV and pollution protection. This skincare protocol may also be suitable for use following other minimally-invasive facial procedures.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors express their gratitude to Colorescience®, Inc. Carlsbad, CA for providing the skincare products used in this study and to Lumenis® Inc., San Jose, CA for providing the radiofrequency microneedling device consumables. The authors acknowledge Julie C. McCauley, MPHc, who performed the statistical analysis and the editorial assistance of Dr. Carl S. Hornfeldt, Apothekon, Inc., during the preparation of this manuscript.