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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Early Child Teach Educ. 2021 Aug 8;43(1):148–166. doi: 10.1080/10901027.2021.1962442

Table 4.

Means and Standard Deviations (SD) for Sense of Community (SOC) Ratings for Directors and Teachers

Year 1 Year 2
Director Teacher Significant Difference1 Director Teacher Significant Difference1
M(SD) M(SD) t (df) p-value M(SD) M (SD) t (df) p-value
SOC NF 7.13 (.83) 6.28 (1.33) −2.33 (59) .023 6.80 (1.21) 6.11 (1.85) −1.33 (50) .189
SOC MS 7.33 (.82) 5.89 (1.64) 3.26 (58) .0001 6.73 (1.44) 5.49 (1.84) −2.35 (50) .023
SOC IN 7.07 (1.10) 5.62 (1.42) −3.59 (58) .001 6.00 (1.93) 5.28 (1.95) −2.18 (50) .034
SOC EC 6.87 (1.24) 5.64 (1.65) −2.60 (58) .001 6.33 (1.11) 5.27 (1.74) −1.21 (49) .233
SOC Total 28.40 (3.27) 23.07 (5.92) −3.32 (59) .002 25.87 (5.19) 22.00 (6.87) −1.96 (50) .056

Note: SOC NF = Sense of Community Needs Fulfillment, SOC MS = Sense of Community Membership, SOC IN = Sense of Community Influence, SOC EC = Sense of Community Emotional Connection

1

p-values are provided for t-tests between Director and Teacher Total and subscale mean SOC ratings