Table 3.
Weighted Ordinal Logistic Regression Analyses of the Relationship Between Return Mobility and Rural College Graduates
| Model 1: Individual | Model 2: School | Model 3: Neighborhood | Model 4: College | Model 5: Combined | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | β | SE | Odds Ratio |
β | SE | Odds Ratio |
β | SE | Odds Ratio |
β | SE | Odds Ratio |
β | SE | Odds Ratio |
| Mobility (dependent variable) | |||||||||||||||
| Out of state ∣ Same state | −0.28 | 1.18 | −2.30 | 0.47 | −4.55 | 2.53 | −1.95 | 1.27 | |||||||
| Same state ∣ Same county | 1.54 | 1.19 | −0.62 | 0.46 | −2.83 | 2.52 | −0.25 | 1.26 | |||||||
| Same county ∣ Same tract | 2.65 | 1.19 | 0.48 | 0.46 | −1.72 | 2.48 | 0.79 | 1.32 | |||||||
| Sex | 0.26 | 0.27 | 1.29 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 1.64* | |||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||||
| Black | −1.04 | 0.49 | 0.35* | −0.50 | 0.59 | 0.61 | |||||||||
| Hispanic | −0.43 | 0.58 | 0.65 | −0.18 | 0.53 | 0.83 | |||||||||
| Other Single Race | −0.36 | 0.86 | 0.70 | −0.40 | 0.90 | 0.67 | |||||||||
| Multiracial | 0.48 | 1.06 | 1.62 | 0.31 | 0.75 | 1.36 | |||||||||
| Mother’s Highest Education | |||||||||||||||
| High School | 0.10 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 2.96 | |||||||||
| Vocational/Technical | −0.05 | 1.07 | 0.96 | 0.65 | 1.05 | 1.91 | |||||||||
| Some College | −0.32 | 1.14 | 0.73 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 1.28 | |||||||||
| Bachelor’s or Above | 0.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 0.43 | 0.97 | 1.54 | |||||||||
| Unsure | 0.73 | 1.29 | 2.07 | 1.58 | 1.24 | 4.85 | |||||||||
| Socioeconomic status measure | −0.34 | 0.10 | 0.71*** | −0.29 | 0.11 | 0.75** | |||||||||
| Region | |||||||||||||||
| Midwest | −0.37 | 0.45 | 0.69 | −0.49 | 0.57 | 0.61 | |||||||||
| South | 0.23 | 0.38 | 1.25 | 0.02 | 0.74 | 1.02 | |||||||||
| Northeast | 0.58 | 0.34 | 1.78 | 0.71 | 0.52 | 2.03 | |||||||||
| Family Attachment | −0.32 | 0.27 | 0.73 | −0.02 | 0.26 | 0.98 | |||||||||
| School Attachment | 0.51 | 0.27 | 1.66* | 0.47 | 0.33 | 1.60* | |||||||||
| Neighborhood Attachment | 0.15 | 0.12 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| High School Size | |||||||||||||||
| 126-350 | −0.33 | 0.57 | 0.72 | −0.59 | 1.73 | 0.55 | |||||||||
| 351-775 | −1.36 | 0.47 | 0.26** | −2.21 | 1.69 | 0.11 | |||||||||
| At least 776 | −1.16 | 0.45 | 0.31** | −1.69 | 1.63 | 0.19 | |||||||||
| Average racial segregation: black-white dissimilar | 0.61 | 0.63 | 1.84 | 0.17 | 1.42 | 1.18 | |||||||||
| Total Reported Crimes/100,000 (logged) | −0.44 | 0.20 | 0.65 | −0.26 | 0.28 | 0.77 | |||||||||
| Distance to Urban Center (km) | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Population Density | −0.29 | 0.19 | 0.75 | −0.67 | 0.28 | 0.51* | |||||||||
| Dispersion in Race Composition | 0.71 | 0.64 | 2.02 | −0.65 | 1.30 | 0.52 | |||||||||
| Median Age | −0.03 | 0.03 | 0.97 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Proportion aged 16-19 enrolled in school | 1.84 | 1.55 | 6.31 | 0.57 | 2.06 | 1.77 | |||||||||
| Proportion persons below poverty level | 0.48 | 1.36 | 1.62 | ||||||||||||
| College-educated Level | −1.18 | 0.52 | 0.31* | ||||||||||||
| Average | −0.80 | 0.44 | 0.45 | −1.87 | 0.70 | 0.15** | |||||||||
| High | −1.40 | 0.58 | 0.25* | −1.13 | 2.02 | 0.32 | |||||||||
| Proportion voting republican in 1992 presidential election | 0.65 | 1.45 | 1.91 | −0.07 | 2.05 | 0.93 | |||||||||
| Proportion of local government general expenditures for education | −0.93 | 1.09 | 0.39 | −1.31 | 1.99 | 0.27 | |||||||||
| Per capita local government general expenditures on education (logged) | −0.15 | 0.17 | 1.17 | −0.06 | 0.36 | 0.94 | |||||||||
| Institutional Selectivity | |||||||||||||||
| Selective | −0.70 | 1.25 | 0.50 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 2.46 | |||||||||
| Highly Selective | −0.31 | 1.33 | 0.74 | 1.69 | 1.31 | 5.41 | |||||||||
| Elite | −1.08 | 1.31 | 0.34 | 0.68 | 1.16 | 1.97 | |||||||||
| Distance from Wave I to III location (in km) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
| F value |
df | p-value | F value |
df | p-value | F value |
df | p-value | F value |
df | p-value | F value |
df | p-value | |
| Wald Test | 2.95 | 17/57 | 0.0012** | 3.19 | 4/72 | 0.0181* | 1.71 | 12/64 | 0.0856 | 0.94 | 4/73 | 0.4445 | 6.09 | 37/35 | 0.0001*** |
Source: Authors’ calculations with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) 1994-95.
Notes:
*
p<.05.
**
p<.01.
***
p<.001.