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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Rural Sociol. 2021 Oct 20;87(1):303–329. doi: 10.1111/ruso.12416

Table 4.

Correlation Matrix of Quantitative Variables

SES FA SA NA ARS Crime UAD I/III
Dist
Density DRC MA %
Sch
%
Pov
% Rep % Ed
Exp.
Ed
Exp
Socio-economic status (SES) 1 0.08 0 0.01 −0.04 0.07 −0.17 0.01 0.01 −0.19 0.15 0.11 −0.38 −0.03 −0.08 0.16
Family attachment(FA) 0.08 1 0.41 0.18 0.04 −0.06 −0.06 −0.03 0.04 0 0.04 0.05 0 0.09 0.03 0.03
School attachment(SA) 0 0.41 1 0.17 −0.02 −0.11 0 0.01 −0.04 0.03 0.01 0.03 −0.02 0.03 −0.02 −0.02
Neighborhood attachment(NA) 0.01 0.18 0.17 1 −0.05 −0.09 0.02 −0.14 −0.08 −0.01 0.01 0.06 0 0.08 0 0.04
Average racial segregation(ARS) −0.04 0.04 −0.02 −0.05 1 0.25 0.06 −0.03 0.22 −0.04 −0.18 0.06 0.27 0.08 −0.01 −0.37
Crime 0.07 −0.06 −0.11 −0.09 0.25 1 0.06 −0.01 0.17 0.39 −0.01 0.21 0.23 −0.08 −0.1 −0.04
Urban area distance (UAD) −0.17 −0.06 0 0.02 0.06 0.06 1 −0.01 −0.12 0.28 0.06 0.15 0.34 0.04 −0.03 −0.41
WI and WIII distance 0.01 −0.03 0.01 −0.14 −0.03 −0.01 −0.01 1 0 0.04 −0.07 −0.03 −0.07 −0.06 −0.02 −0.01
Density 0.01 0.04 −0.04 −0.08 0.22 0.17 −0.12 0 1 −0.04 −0.15 −0.06 0.04 −0.17 −0.06 −0.03
Dispersion in race (DRC) −0.19 0 0.03 −0.01 −0.04 0.39 0.28 0.04 −0.04 1 0.05 0.09 0.46 −0.08 0.03 −0.19
Median Age(MA) 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.01 −0.18 −0.01 0.06 −0.07 −0.15 0.05 1 0.23 −0.22 −0.2 0.03 0.04
% School 0.11 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.21 0.15 −0.03 −0.06 0.09 0.23 1 −0.02 −0.02 −0.03 −0.11
% below Poverty −0.38 0 −0.02 0 0.27 0.23 0.34 −0.07 0.04 0.46 −0.22 −0.02 1 0.1 0.22 −0.21
% voting republican −0.03 0.09 0.03 0.08 0.08 −0.08 0.04 −0.06 −0.17 −0.08 −0.2 −0.02 0.1 1 0.2 0.02
% Ed Expenditures −0.08 0.03 −0.02 0 −0.01 −0.1 −0.03 −0.02 −0.06 0.03 0.03 −0.03 0.22 0.2 1 0.37
Per capita Ed Expenditures 0.16 0.03 −0.02 0.04 −0.37 −0.04 −0.41 −0.01 −0.03 −0.19 0.04 −0.11 −0.21 0.02 0.37 1