Table I.
Summary of Urinary Pharmacokinetic Outcomes across Cannabinoid Analytes following Administration of Oral and Vaporized CBD and CBD-dominant Cannabis
| Sample information | CBD | 7-OH-CBD | 7-CBD-COOH | Δ9-THCCOOH | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | Cmax (ng/mL) | Tmax (h) | Dose excreted (%) | t1/2 (h) | Cmax (ng/mL) | Tmax (h) | Dose excreted (%) | t1/2 (h) | Cmax (ng/mL) | Tmax (h) | Dose excreted (%) | t1/2 (h) | Cmax (ng/mL) | Tmax (h) | |
| Vaporized cannabis (100 mg CBD/3.7 mg THC) (n = 18) | Mean | 327.61 | 1.44 | 0.14 | 12.07 | 1,250.22 | 1.81 | 0.47 | 14.09 | 48.76 | 8.56 | 0.09 | 29.84 | 7.91 | 8.11 |
| SD | 235.53 | 1.06 | 0.10 | 11.13 | 1,479.93 | 1.13 | 0.40 | 4.88 | 40.72 | 9.82 | 0.06 | 11.65 | 8.46 | 8.51 | |
| Min | 27.10 | 0.50 | 0.01 | 0.69 | 142.00 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 2.41 | 4.76 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 11.31 | 1.20 | 1.00 | |
| Max | 808.50 | 4.00 | 0.39 | 40.66 | 5,073.04 | 4.00 | 1.56 | 24.27 | 172.30 | 31.00 | 0.18 | 51.00 | 29.90 | 31.00 | |
| 100 mg vaporized pure CBD (n = 18) | Mean | 239.95 | 1.28 | 0.11 | 7.27 | 677.40 | 1.75 | 0.32 | 11.82 | 29.39 | 7.17 | 0.06 | 29.63 | 0.43 | ND |
| SD | 240.37 | 1.13 | 0.10 | 7.73 | 596.37 | 0.91 | 0.25 | 6.30 | 19.17 | 5.95 | 0.05 | 24.49 | 1.22 | ND | |
| Min | 15.30 | 0.50 | 0.01 | 0.78 | 78.20 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 0.82 | 2.91 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 5.11 | 0.00 | ND | |
| Max | 1,007.90 | 4.00 | 0.44 | 23.69 | 2,041.80 | 3.00 | 0.92 | 23.33 | 65.80 | 16.00 | 0.16 | 107.47 | 5.00 | 4.00 | |
| 100 mg oral CBD capsule (n = 6) | Mean | 776.25 | 5.33 | 0.38 | 11.16 | 3,588.22 | 5.50 | 2.04 | 11.74 | 75.07 | 15.33 | 0.23 | 82.03 | 0.70 | ND |
| SD | 1,069.56 | 3.01 | 0.39 | 5.72 | 3,753.74 | 2.95 | 1.96 | 4.41 | 55.64 | 8.21 | 0.26 | 108.94 | 1.20 | ND | |
| Min | 210.20 | 2.00 | 0.04 | 4.29 | 373.26 | 2.00 | 0.24 | 7.72 | 25.22 | 4.00 | 0.03 | 12.64 | 0.00 | ND | |
| Max | 2,941.00 | 9.00 | 1.16 | 17.91 | 9,944.19 | 9.00 | 4.53 | 19.67 | 157.62 | 28.00 | 0.73 | 300.91 | 2.90 | 1.50 | |
| 100 mg oral CBD syrup (n = 6) | Mean | 150.57 | 4.33 | 0.12 | 11.39 | 1,075.00 | 4.00 | 0.81 | 19.06 | 79.93 | 15.17 | 0.13 | 48.96 | 0.32 | ND |
| SD | 77.81 | 1.75 | 0.08 | 7.78 | 999.20 | 1.10 | 0.45 | 15.58 | 86.79 | 12.84 | 0.05 | 58.98 | 0.78 | ND | |
| Min | 68.70 | 2.00 | 0.04 | 3.33 | 238.50 | 2.00 | 0.30 | 7.82 | 14.80 | 5.00 | 0.10 | 15.05 | 0.00 | ND | |
| Max | 228.90 | 7.00 | 0.26 | 25.94 | 2,734.80 | 5.00 | 1.49 | 49.33 | 239.20 | 40.00 | 0.24 | 167.17 | 1.90 | BL | |
| 100 mg oral Epidiolex (n = 6) | Mean | 1,273.83 | 4.33 | 0.50 | 10.78 | 5,849.10 | 4.50 | 2.53 | 13.36 | 324.75 | 13.00 | 0.62 | 24.59 | 0.20 | ND |
| SD | 1,168.15 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 2.48 | 3,588.11 | 0.55 | 0.81 | 5.52 | 113.18 | 7.77 | 0.25 | 8.97 | 0.49 | ND | |
| Min | 368.10 | 4.00 | 0.15 | 6.46 | 3,527.20 | 4.00 | 1.52 | 7.25 | 190.60 | 4.00 | 0.20 | 16.91 | 0.00 | ND | |
| Max | 3,470.20 | 5.00 | 1.08 | 13.20 | 12,898.30 | 5.00 | 3.84 | 22.29 | 520.20 | 24.00 | 0.89 | 41.79 | 1.20 | 17.00 | |
| 100 mg oral CBD (formulations combined) (n = 18) | Mean | 733.55 | 4.67 | 0.34 | 11.11 | 3,504.11 | 4.67 | 1.79 | 14.72 | 159.92 | 14.50 | 0.33 | 51.86 | 0.41 | ND |
| SD | 981.43 | 1.97 | 0.34 | 5.41 | 3,500.06 | 1.85 | 1.39 | 9.82 | 145.88 | 9.34 | 0.29 | 71.58 | 0.85 | ND | |
| Min | 68.70 | 2.00 | 0.04 | 3.33 | 238.50 | 2.00 | 0.24 | 7.25 | 14.80 | 4.00 | 0.03 | 12.64 | 0.00 | ND | |
| Max | 3,470.20 | 9.00 | 1.16 | 25.94 | 12,898.30 | 9.00 | 4.53 | 49.33 | 520.20 | 40.00 | 0.89 | 300.91 | 2.90 | 17.00 | |
| 100 mg oral CBD syrup (overnight fasting) (n = 6) | Mean | 167.88 | 4.00 | 0.07 | 35.24 | 605.38 | 4.00 | 0.28 | 49.84 | 32.58 | 16.33 | 0.05 | 105.45 | 0.00 | ND |
| SD | 212.62 | 1.10 | 0.06 | 23.69 | 578.48 | 1.10 | 0.10 | 45.43 | 22.04 | 18.60 | 0.02 | 84.64 | 0.00 | ND | |
| Min | 14.90 | 2.00 | 0.02 | 5.22 | 80.40 | 2.00 | 0.16 | 7.43 | 13.80 | 4.00 | 0.02 | 23.33 | 0.00 | ND | |
| Max | 572.50 | 5.00 | 0.15 | 65.42 | 1,358.20 | 5.00 | 0.39 | 125.38 | 60.20 | 52.00 | 0.08 | 231.47 | 0.00 | ND | |
ND = analyte was not detected for some participants/conditions, which precluded mean Tmax calculation. BL = baseline. Midpoint time value used for pooled specimens. For dose excreted (%), values are corrected for the molecular weight of the analyte.