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. 2022 May 21;111:135–147. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.012

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

Duration- and timing-dependent impact of remdesivir (RDV) exposure on the blastocyst morphology and the gene expression profiles. A. A diagram depicting the RDV treatment regimen. B. Representative images of treated embryos at E4.5. Scale bar = 100 µm. C. The size of treated embryos. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences among treatments (mean ± 95% CI, n = 30–54 for each treatment group, one-way ANOVA followed by t-test, p < 0.01). D. The expression levels of the markers for the trophectoderm (TE), the epiblast (EPI), and the primitive endoderm (PrE) at E4.5. Graphs are qRT-PCR data, showing relative expression levels of each lineage marker, normalized against housekeeping gene Gapdh. C, C-R, and R-C correspond to the treatment groups CON, CON-RDV, and RDV-CON, depicted in A, respectively. The RDV group is not analyzed due to extensive cell death. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences among treatments (mean ± standard deviation, n = 3 for each treatment group, one-way ANOVA followed by t-test, p < 0.05). No significant difference is observed for Cdx2, Pou5f1, and Nanog.