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The research question defined as PICOS of the non-clinical study [36].
| PICOS | Definition |
|---|---|
| Population | ICs bonded with composite cement |
| Intervention | ICs received surface conditioning before bonding |
| Control | Specimens did not receive surface conditioning before bonding |
| Outcome | Whether surface conditioning methods improve the bonding strength of the ICs was evaluated |
| Study designs | In vitro bench studies |
