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. 2022 May 20;8:267. doi: 10.1038/s41420-022-01063-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A The schedule of treatments of MPTP and SFN. B The rotarod test showed that SFN attenuated MPTP-induced decreased of the rotarod time. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 8 or 10). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA: MPTP: F_1,31 = 5.392, P = 0.028; SFN: F_1,31 = 5.732, P = 0.024; interaction: F_1,31 = 5.150, P = 0.031). C The immunofluorescence staining for TH in the SNc of mice treated with SFN or/and MPTP and quantification analysis of the TH staining in the SNc. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA: MPTP: F_1,15 = 5.125, P = 0.043; SFN: F_1,15 = 9.606, P = 0.009; interaction: F_1,15 = 6.235, P = 0.028). D The immunofluorescence staining for CD11b in the SNc of mice treated with SFN or/and MPTP and quantification analysis of the CD11b staining in the SNc. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA: MPTP: F_1,15 = 14.652, P = 0.002; SFN: F_1,15 = 16.345, P = 0.002; interaction: F_1,15 = 16.549, P = 0.002). Scale bar = 50 μm. E The immunofluorescence staining for GFAP in the SNc of mice treated with SFN or/and MPTP and quantification analysis of the GFAP staining in the SNc. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA: MPTP: F_1,15 = 21.504, P = 0.001; SFN: F_1,15 = 16.644, P = 0.002; interaction: F_1,15 = 10.459, P = 0.007). F The effects of SFN on the expression of Nrf2, MeCP2, and BDNF in the SNc of mice treated with SFN or/and MPTP. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6). **P < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA: Nrf2, MPTP: F_1,23 = 8.578, P = 0.008; SFN: F_1,23 = 8.951, P = 0.007; interaction: F_1,23 = 5.320, P = 0.032; MeCP2, MPTP: F_1,23 = 5.342, P = 0.032; SFN: F_1,23 = 8.166, P = 0.010; interaction: F_1,23 = 4.903, P = 0.039; BDNF, MPTP: F_1,23 = 8.610, P = 0.008; SFN: F_1,23 = 4.591, P = 0.045; interaction: F_1,23 = 8.548, P = 0.008). G The ChIP-PCR analysis in SFN or/and MPTP-treated mice. The binding affinity of SFN for Nrf2 and Bdnf I promoter and MeCP2 for Bdnf IV promoter in SNc of MPTP-treated mice. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4).　*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA: Nrf2: F_2,14 = 7.706, P = 0.007, MeCP2: F_2,14 = 18.17, P < 0.01).