Table 3.
Predictive coefficients of the uni- and multi-modal logistic regression with elastic net penalty algorithms
| Regularized coefficients* for unimodal algorithm (95% CI) | Regularized coefficients* for multi-modal algorithm (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical information | ||
| Patient age | NA | 7.60 (7.53 to 7.73) |
| Clinically suspicious palpability | NA | 0.84 (0.56 to 1.28) |
| Breast mass dimensions on B-mode breast ultrasound | ||
| Mass size in longest axis | − 0.51 (− 0.58 to − 0.43) | − 1.04 (− 1.11 to − 0.96) |
| Mass size in perpendicular plane | 0.65 (0.54 to 0.75) | 1.50 (1.41 to 1.60) |
| Mass size in orthogonal plane | − 0.15 (− 0.09 to − 0.21) | 0.00 (− 0.06 to 0.06) |
| Tissue composition | ||
| Homogeneous background texture; fat | 0.09 (− 0.42 to 0.61) | − 0.01 (− 0.53 to 0.51) |
| Heterogeneous background texture | 0.0 (− 0.45 to 0.46) | 0.00 (− 0.45 to 0.46) |
| Homogeneous background texture; fibroglandular | − 0.07 (− 0.76 to 0.62) | 0.00 (− 0.69 to 0.70) |
| Shape of mass | ||
| Oval | − 0.35 (− 0.65 to − 0.06) | − 0.04 (− 0.34 to 0.31) |
| Round | − 0.01 (− 0.48 to 0.40) | − 0.32 (− 0.73 to − 0.09) |
| Irregular | 0.42 (− 0.12 to 0.96) | 0.54 (0.0 to 1.08) |
| Orientation of mass | ||
| Not parallel | 0.61 (0.25 to 0.97) | 0.88 (0.52 to 1.24) |
| Margin of mass | ||
| Non-circumscribed | 0.45 (0.11 to 0.79) | 0.55 (0.21 to 0.89) |
| Microlobulated margin | 0.50 (0.29 to 0.71) | 0.62 (0.41 to 0.83) |
| Indistinct margin | 0.43 (− 0.41 to 1.24) | 0.51 (− 0.33 to 1.35) |
| Angular margin | 0.50 (0.24 to 0.76) | 0.55 (0.29 to 0.81) |
| Spiculated margin | 0.96 (0.07 to 1.85) | 1.10 (0.21 to 1.99) |
| Echo pattern | ||
| Anechoic | 0.0 (− 2.3 to 2.3) | 0.0 (− 2.3 to 2.3) |
| Complex cystic and solid | 0.07 (− 0.52 to 0.69) | 0.11 (− 0.51 to 0.73) |
| Hypoechoic | 0.0 (− 0.7 to 0.7) | 0.0 (− 0.6 to 0.7) |
| Isoechoic | 0.13 (− 0.33 to 0.59) | 0.20 (− 0.26 to 0.66) |
| Heterogeneous | − 0.05 (− 0.56 to 0.46) | − 0.23 (− 0.74 to 0.28) |
| Hyperechoic | − 0.32 (− 1.03 to 0.41) | − 0.58 (− 1.61 to 0.15) |
| Posterior features | ||
| None | − 0.09 (− 0.33 to 0.15) | − 0.20 (− 0.44 to 0.04) |
| Enhancement | 0.0 (− 0.81 to 0.81) | 0.0 (− 0.80 to 0.81) |
| Combined pattern | − 0.50 (− 1.62 to 0.62) | − 0.84 (− 1.96 to 0.18) |
| Shadowing | 0.31 (0.14 to 0.48) | 0.26 (0.09 to 0.43) |
| Calcification | ||
| Calcification | 0.48 (0.25 to 0.61) | 0.76 (0.53 to 0.99) |
* Positive values indicate a positive association with malignancy