Table 1.
Baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| LEP (n = 251) |
Non-LEP (n = 146) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 26.3 ± 5.5 | 28.7 ± 6.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 20.4 ± 2.4 | 21.5 ± 4.2 |
| Marital status (married), n (%) | 50 (19.9) | 58 (39.7) |
| Education, n (%) | ||
| Junior high school | 4 (1.6) | 7 (4.8) |
| High school | 98 (39.0) | 62 (42.5) |
| Undergraduate | 141 (56.2) | 68 (46.6) |
| Postgraduate | 8 (3.2) | 9 (6.2) |
| Smokers, n (%) | 26 (10.4) | 17 (11.7) |
| History of pregnancy, n (%) | 59 (23.5) | 43 (29.5) |
| Type of dysmenorrhea, n (%) | ||
| Primary | 184 (73.3) | 95 (65.1) |
| Secondarya | 67 (26.7) | 51 (34.9) |
| Endometriosis | 48 (19.1) | 36 (24.7) |
| Uterine fibrosis | 17 (6.8) | 19 (13.0) |
| Adenomyosis | 11 (4.4) | 5 (3.4) |
| Concomitant medication for dysmenorrhea,b n (%) | ||
| No | 112 (44.6) | 21 (14.4) |
| Yes | ||
| NSAIDs | 106 (42.2) | 107 (73.3) |
| Chinese herbal medicine | 34 (13.5) | 64 (43.8) |
| Other | 3 (1.2) | 4 (2.7) |
| Severity,c n (%) | ||
| None | 16 (6.4) | 14 (9.6) |
| Mild | 83 (33.1) | 51 (34.9) |
| Moderate | 119 (47.4) | 65 (44.5) |
| Severe | 33 (13.1) | 16 (11.0) |
| Type of LEP,a n (%) | ||
| EE/DRSP (Yaz®) | 50 (19.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| EE/DRSP (Yaz® Flex) | 72 (28.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| EE/LNG (Jemina®) | 10 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| EE/NET (Lunabell®) | 53 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| EE/NET (Frewell®) | 71 (28.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Type of LEP regimena | ||
| Cyclic (Yaz®, Lunabell®, Frewell®) | 174 (69.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Extended (Yaz® Flex, Jemina®) | 82 (32.7) | 0 (0.0) |
BMI body mass index, DRSP drospirenone, EE ethinylestradiol, LD low dose, LEP low-dose estrogen/progestin (cyclic or extended), LNG levonorgestrel, NET norethindrone, NSAIDS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SD standard deviation, ULD ultra-low dose
aIncludes duplicate cases
bDrugs that had been prescribed by hospitals for the treatment of dysmenorrhea (menstrual symptoms) and were still being taken
cDegree of disruption to overall daily life due to dysmenorrhea. None, no impairment; mild, slight impairment of work, including schoolwork and housework; moderate, impairs work, including schoolwork and housework to the degree one wants to lie down and take a rest; severe, bedridden for at least 1 day and unable to carry out work, including schoolwork and housework