Table 1:
Baseline characteristics for control and intervention groups
| Variables | Total (n=252) | Control (n=130) | Intervention (n=122) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s Gender | ||||
| Male | 145 (58) | 79 (61) | 66 (54) | 0.28 |
| Female | 107 (42) | 51 (39) | 56 (46) | |
| Age range of child | ||||
| Infants 0–1 yrs | 72 (29) | 34 (26) | 38 (31) | 0.72 |
| Toddlers 1–2 yrs | 54 (21) | 31 (24) | 23 (19) | |
| Preschool 3–4 yrs | 27 (11) | 15 (12) | 12 (10) | |
| Grade school 5–12 yrs | 76 (30) | 40 (31) | 36 (30) | |
| Teens 13+ | 23 (9) | 10 (8) | 13 (11) | |
| Race of child | ||||
| White | 136 (54) | 70 (54) | 66 (54) | 0.26 |
| Black or African American | 28 (11) | 10 (8) | 18 (15) | |
| Other | 23 (9) | 12 (9) | 11 (9) | |
| Multiracial | 65 (26) | 38 (29) | 27 (22) | |
| Ethnicity of Child | ||||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 158 (63) | 78 (60) | 80 (66) | 0.35 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 92 (37) | 51 (40) | 41 (34) | |
| Subject’s Relationship to Child | ||||
| Mother | 170 (69) | 86 (68) | 84 (69) | 0.77 |
| Father | 78 (31) | 41 (32) | 37 (31) | |
| Household income | ||||
| Less than $20,000 | 78 (34) | 42 (36) | 36 (33) | 0.81 |
| $20,001–$50,000 | 96 (42) | 50 (42) | 46 (42) | |
| More than $50,000 | 54 (24) | 26 (22) | 28 (25) | |
| Parent education | ||||
| Some high school or less | 39 (16) | 17 (13) | 22 (18) | 0.45 |
| Grade 12 or GED (high school graduate) | 64 (26) | 37 (29) | 27 (23) | |
| College 1 year to 3 years (some college) | 119 (48) | 63 (49) | 56 (47) | |
| College 4 years or more (college graduate) | 25 (10) | 11 (9) | 14 (12) | |
| Relationship status | ||||
| Married or member of a couple | 154 (62) | 80 (62) | 74 (61) | 0.77 |
| Single (never been married) | 62 (25) | 30 (23) | 32 (26) | |
| Divorced, widowed, separated | 34 (14) | 19 (15) | 15 (12) | |
| Home ownership | ||||
| Own home | 49 (21) | 22 (19) | 27 (24) | 0.40 |
| Rent home | 180 (79) | 93 (81) | 87 (76) | |
| Housing type | ||||
| Stand-alone housing | 151 (61) | 76 (60) | 75 (63) | 0.67 |
| Attached housing | 96 (39) | 51 (40) | 45 (38) | |
| Government assistance for housing | ||||
| No | 208 (85) | 106 (83) | 102 (86) | 0.43 |
| Yes | 38 (15) | 22 (17) | 16 (14) | |
| Categorical hours child is out of the house | ||||
| 0–10 hours | 95 (45) | 48 (43) | 47 (47) | 0.49 |
| 11–40 hours | 76 (36) | 44 (39) | 32 (32) | |
| 40+ hours | 42 (20) | 20 (18) | 22 (22) | |
| Season of enrollment | ||||
| Spring(Mar-May) | 71 (28) | 37 (28) | 34 (28) | 0.92 |
| Summer(Jun-Aug) | 41 (16) | 23 (18) | 18 (15) | |
| Fall(Sep-Nov) | 59 (23) | 29 (22) | 30 (25) | |
| Winter(Dec-Feb) | 81 (32) | 41 (32) | 40 (33) | |
| Time to urine collection | ||||
| <=24 hours | 38 (17) | 18 (16) | 20 (19) | 0.54 |
| >24 hours | 180 (83) | 95 (84) | 85 (81) | |
| Parent’s Age | ||||
| MEAN (STD) | 32.0 (7.4) | 32.2 (7.6) | 31.8 (7.3) | 0.69 |