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. 2022 May 20;12:8580. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12206-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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D-galactose-induced aging aggravated bone resorption markers in the obese-insulin resistant condition. (a) Levels of P1NP in serum at the indicated time points, (b) Levels of CTX-I in serum at the indicated time points. Bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4–6/ group). (c) RANKL mRNA expression in bone tissues at the indicated time points. (d) Correlation between CTX-I and LDL. * p < 0.05 versus NDV at the same time point, † p < 0.05 versus NDD at the same time point, ‡ p < 0.05 versus HFV at the same time point, # p < 0.05 versus same group at the different time point. CTX-I, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; HFDD, high-fat diet with D-galactose; HFV, high-fat diet with vehicle; NDD, normal diet with D-galactose; NDV, normal diet with vehicle; P1NP, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand.