Fig. 7. Abscopal effect of IPI549@HMP-augmented RT plus PD-L1 blockade.

a Schematic illustration of the experiment design for in vivo evaluations. b Representative bioluminescence images of Luc⁺ CT26 tumor of six biologically independent animals from each group after varied treatments as indicated. c, d Individual (c) and average tumor growth curves (d) of primary and distant tumors (n = 6 mice in c, d). e Kaplan-Meier survival curves of mice treated with varied therapeutic combinations (n = 6 mice). f-k Representative flow cytometric analysis and relative quantification of CTLs (CD8⁺CD3⁺CD45⁺) (f, i), MDSCs (CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺CD45⁺) (g, j) and TAM-M2 (CD206^hiCD11b⁺F4/80⁺CD45⁺) (h, k). l, m Quantification by flow cytometry of CD8/Treg (l) and M1/M2 ratios (m). n Representative polychromatic immunofluorescent staining images of tumor sections from three biologically independent samples showing DAPI (blue), CD8⁺ (red), CD206⁺ (purple), Foxp3⁺ (orange) and Ki67⁺ (green) cells infiltration for Control and IPI549@HMP + RT + aPDL1 groups. o, p Cytokine levels of TNF-α (o) and IFN-γ (p) in the serum after varied treatments. G1, Control; G2, aPDL1; G3, IPI549@HMP + RT; G4, IPI549@HMP + RT + aPDL1. RT, radiotherapy; CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; Tregs, regulatory T cells; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; TAMs-M2, M2-like macrophages; TAMs-M1, M1-like macrophages. Data were expressed as means ± SD (n = 3 biologically independent samples in i–m, o and p). Statistical difference was calculated using two-tailed unpaired student’s t-test (d, i–m, o and p) and Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test (e). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.