Table 1.
Key characteristics of families included in this study for analysis.
| Vaginal | Cesarean | Cesarean-Seeded | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Families | 97 | 49 | 28 | |
| Number of Babies | Total | 98 | 49 | 30 |
| USA | 62 | 23 | 16 | |
| Spain | 7 | 5 | 8 | |
| Chile | 26 | 18 | 6 | |
| Bolivia | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
| Baby female sex (%) | 52.0 | 38.8 | 46.7 | |
| Mean baby follow-up, months (standard deviation) | 6.2 (5.1) | 8.8 (4.7) | 7.1(5.2) | |
| Baby antibiotics use within the Study Period (after week 1) | ||||
| Any (%) | 18.4 | 20.4 | 16.7 | |
| 1 dose (%) | 7.1 | 14.3 | 3.3 | |
| >1 doses (%) | 11.3 | 6.1 | 13.4 | |
| Breast Feeding Dominant within first 4 month1(%) | 75.5 | 69.4 | 53.3 | |
| Mother tested positive to Group B Streptococcus (%) | 8.9 | 11.1 | 0 | |
| Use of Perinatal Antibiotics in Mother2(%) | 13.3 | 95.6 | 95.8 | |
| Any Use of Antibiotics during Pregnancy (%) | 20 | 26.7 | 16.7 | |
1
Breast feeding dominant is defined as the mothers who reported breastfeeding exclusively or >50% of breastfeeding in at least 60% of follow-up visits.
2
Use of perinatal antibiotics is part of the standard-of-care for women underwent Cesarean birth.