Table 1.

Context and outcome characteristics for pediatric studies.

Study characteristics					Number of studies by publication				Totala
					Journal articles		Conference abstracts
Subtotal, n					7		6		13
Principal study type, n (%)
		Single cohort			3 (43)	4 (67)		7 (54)
		Before-after			4 (57)	2 (33)		6 (46)
Setting, n (%)
		Hospital wideb			0 (0)	2 (33)		2 (15)
		Emergency department			4 (57)	1 (17)		5 (38)
		Intensive care unit			2 (29)	0 (0)		2 (15)
		Inpatient units			1 (14)	3 (50)		4 (31)
Number of participants, n (%)
		≤100			1 (14)	2 (33)		3 (23)
		101-10,000			1 (14)	2 (33)		3 (23)
		10,001-100,000			2 (29)	1 (17)		3 (23)
		>100,000			2 (29)	0 (0)		2 (15)
		Unspecified			1 (14)	1 (17)		2 (15)
Funding, n (%)
		Yes (noncommercial)			2 (29)	0 (0)		2 (15)
		No			2 (29)	0 (0)		2 (15)
		Unspecified			3 (43)	6 (100)		9 (69)
Outcomes, n (%)
	Patient outcomes
		Sepsis identification			5 (71)	4 (67)		9 (69)
			Gold standard definitionc
				Goldstein et al [12]	2 (29)	0 (0)		2 (15)
				American Academy of Pediatrics Sepsis Collaborative tool [85]	1 (14)	0 (0)		1 (8)
				Clinician discretion	3 (43)	2 (33)		5 (38)
				Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes definition [86]	1 (14)	0 (0)		1 (8)
				International Classification of Diseases codes	1 (14)	0 (0)		1 (8)
				Not specified	1 (14)	2 (33)		3 (23)
		Other			4 (57)	1 (17)		5 (38)
	Sepsis treatment or management, n (%)
		Timeliness of alert or intervention			3 (43)	1 (17)		4 (31)
		Other			6 (86)	1 (17)		7 (54)
	Usability, n (%)
		Satisfaction			0 (0)	1 (17)		1 (8)

^aThe percentages were calculated from the number of pediatric studies (n=13). As some studies reported multiple outcomes for each category, there were more than 13 outcomes in some categories, and therefore, the percentages add to more than 100%.

^bIf the study setting was not explicitly stated, it was assumed to be hospital wide.

^cSome studies have used multiple definitions of sepsis as part of their gold standard.