Table 4.

Context and outcome characteristics in neonatal studies.

Study characteristics				Number of studies by publication				Totala
				Journal articles		Conference abstracts
Subtotal, n				14		4		18
Principal study type, n (%)
	Single cohort			3 (21)		3 (75)		6 (33)
	Before-after			9 (64)		1 (25)		10 (56)
	Interrupted time series			2 (14)		0 (0)		2 (11)
Setting, n (%)
	Hospital wideb			4 (29)		2 (50)		6 (33)
	Nursery			7 (50)		2 (50)		9 (50)
	ICUc			3 (21)		0 (0)		3 (17)
Number of participants, n (%)
	≤100			0 (0)		1 (25)		1 (6)
	101-1000			5 (36)		1 (25)		6 (33)
	1001-10,000			6 (43)		0 (0)		6 (33)
	>10,001			2 (14)		0 (0)		2 (11)
	Unspecified			1 (7)		2 (50)		3 (17)
Age of included neonates, n (%)
	<33 weeks gestation			1 (7)		0 (0)		1 (6)
	≥34 weeks gestation			3 (21)		1 (25)		4 (22)
	≥35 weeks gestation			4 (29)		1 (25)		5 (28)
	≥36 weeks gestation			2 (14)		0 (0)		2 (11)
	>37 weeks gestation			1 (7)		0 (0)		1 (6)
	First month of life			1 (7)		0 (0)		1 (6)
	Unspecified			2 (14)		2 (50)		4 (22)
Funding, n (%)
	Yes (noncommercial)			1 (7)		0 (0)		1 (6)
	No			7 (50)		0 (0)		7 (39)
	Unspecified			6 (43)		4 (100)		10 (56)
Outcomes, n (%)
	Patient outcomes
		ICU admission	4 (29)		0 (0)		4 (22)
		Length of stay	3 (21)		1 (25)		4 (22)
		Other	4 (29)		1 (25)		5 (28)
	Sepsis treatment or management
		Antibiotics	12 (86)		3 (75)		15 (83)
		Laboratory evaluation	8 (57)		3 (75)		11 (61)
		Timeliness of alert or intervention	2 (14)		0 (0)		2 (11)
		Sepsis guideline compliance	2 (14)		0 (0)		2 (11)
		Other	4 (29)		1 (25)		5 (28)
	Usability
		Effectiveness	1 (7)		0 (0)		1 (6)
	Cost			2 (14)		0 (0)	2 (11)

^aThe percentages were calculated from the number of neonatal studies (n=18). As some studies have reported multiple outcomes for each category, there were more than 18 outcomes in some categories; therefore, the percentages add to more than 100%.

^bIf the study setting was not explicitly stated, it was assumed to be hospital wide.

^cICU: intensive care unit.