Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Birth. 2021 May 28;48(4):501–513. doi: 10.1111/birt.12560

TABLE 2.

Frequency of IOL and EM by gestational age. Frequency of CB by each labor management approach and by gestational age, comparison to IOL

Induction of Labor
Inclusive expectant management
Exclusive expectant management
n (% GA week) Cesarean birth
n (% GA week) Cesarean birth
n (% GA week) Cesarean birth
n % (CI) n % (CI) n %(CI)
37th week 68 (1.7) 13 19.1 (11.4–30.2) 3989 (98.3) 774 19.4 (18.2–20.6) 3882 (98.3) 762 19.6 (18.3–20.9)
38th week 115 (2.9) 29 25.2 (18.1–33.9) 3767 (97.0) 733 19.5 (18.2–20.8) 3452 (96.8) 707 20.5 (19.1–21.8)
39th week 186 (5.4) 43 23.1 (17.6–29.7) 3266 (94.6) 664 20.3 (18.9–21.7) 2464 (92.9) 568 23.1 (21.4–24.7)
40th week 214 (8.7) 47 21.9 (16.9–28.0) 2250 (91.3) 521 23.2 (21.5–24.9) 1161 (15.6) 348 29.9 (27.3–32.6)*
41st week 452 (38.9) 155 34.3 (30.1–38.8) 709 (61.1) 193 27.2(24.1–30.6)** 199 (30.6) 78 39.2 (32.4–46.0)
42nd week + 137 (68.8) 60 43.8 (35.7–52.3) 62 (31.2) 18 29.0(19.1–41.5)* 62 (31.2) 18 29.0 (17.4–40.7)*

Note: Definitions: Inclusive EM includes all labors within and beyond the week when IOL was performed. Exclusive EM excludes spontaneous labors during the index week and counts all labors after the week IOL was performed.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EM, expectant management; IOL, induction of labor; OR, odds ratio.

Post hoc power calculation (IOL vs inclusive EM): 37th week = 2.8%, 38th week = 34.1%, 39th week = 15.9%, 40th week = 6% power, 41st week = 72.8%. (IOL vs exclusive EM): 37th week = 3%, 38th week = 24.6%, 39th week = 2.6%, 40th week = 67.4% power, 41st week = 22.6%, 42nd week = 50.9%.

*

P-value <0.05 (IOL vs EM).

**

P-value <0.01 (IOL vs EM).