Table 3.

Code system

Code #	Code	Sub-code	Definition	Example quotes
1	Diabetes disease perspective		How participants view diabetes as a disease and how they describe it when discussing the intervention. Discussions about how diabetes relates to them are also useful.	“This whole experience is just a rollercoaster. Every day you do everything right, you take your blood sugar levels and it’s all over the map”
1.1		Balance/control	When participants discuss dealing with aspects of their lives in relation to diabetes. Reference could be to diabetes as a disease, navigating the learning curve of diabetes, or managing diabetes.	“Sometimes I’m good, sometimes I’m not so good. Sometimes the experiences are good, sometimes they’re not good.”
1.2		Behavior change	Mention of action taken to improve self-management of diabetes which includes a behavioral change by participants.	“In my life I found out that I have a lot more power to choose what I do”
2	Identity		Any mention of how participants view themselves or how society may view them.	“Many of us could relate to it, you know, we’ve experience it or we’re living it”
2.1		SES	Experiences that participants describe which are related to the individual’s socioeconomic status (positive or negative). This may include costs of treatment and living expenses.	“It can become, it can become taxing on the pocketbook”
2.2		Race	Any mention of race as a social construct, whether related to the personal identity of the participant or in relation to society in general.	“So, this disease impacts African Americans somewhat differently based on culture”
3	Health literacy/knowledge		Mention of information learned from the CBT intervention.	“You know, the materials made you think about things that you hadn’t thought about”
4	Coping		Mentions of how the participant has been able to handle the stresses of diabetes management.	“that particular session did have an effect on what I ate during that stressful situation”
5	Information sharing		Sharing of information with others concerning diabetes management and coping mechanisms.	“I learned a lot of information from each and every one of them”
5.1		In-group	Sharing of information in a given treatment group.	“And we learned some things from each other [Group members verbally agreeing]”
5.2		Public	Discussions of disseminating information to the public.	“They gotta get it out. In, you know, be it in spurts or increments”
6	Self-efficacy		Reflections on how participants have acted to improve their health when managing their diabetes as a result of the information learned from the CBT/MI intervention.	“So, I specifically went to the store and started buying vegetables instead of buying other things”
7	Acceptability		Mentions of how well received the information was by the group and how they believe it would be received by other African American/ Black people.	“I think the materials were really helpful.”
7.1		Application	Mention of acceptability of material that leads to the application of learned material.	“Umm, problem solving, you know, um, and just kind of trying to give you options and things to think about, uh, day-to-day”
8	Agreement		When participants express that they have had the same, or similar, experiences. Verbal and non-verbal cues in the transcript should be coded.	“I think because I feel like it’s more people that are around that are going through some of the same things.”
8.1		Treatment agreement	When participants express similar experiences in relation to treatment (good or bad)	“They’ve been eye opening. They’ve been, they’ve been very direct [Other participant: Mhm hmm] and it’s kind of made me think out of the box”
9	Social support network		Any mention of being encouraged or finding refuge from others.	“We really had a great group”
9.1		In-group support	Encouragement or refuge from the intervention group.	“Well the intervention made me feel like, well I’m not the only one”
9.2		At-home/societal support	Encouragement or refuge from people outside of the intervention group.	No data coded.
10	Mental health		Any indication of psychological status from study participants.	“I feel a reduction in my life, and does it ever get any better?”
10.1		Positive mental health	Any indication of positive experiences related to the patient’s state of mind and diabetes management.	“help you evolve, you know, into a better person. So, it’s been, it’s been real good.”
10.2		Negative mental health	Any mention of desperation or loss of hope from participants.	“I would say depressed sometimes.”
11	Stress		Any mention of psychological or emotional distress from participants.	“And something that really just “stress me out , and automatically I would’ve went to eating something that, you know, people say comfort food or whatever.”
12	Intervention receptivity and mindset		Discussions about how well-received study materials and intervention were by participants and what their state of mind was.	“It’s making me feel like I can grow, you know, dealing with them and they’ve changed a lot of things, you know, as far as medication and all.”
12.1		Positive reception	Discussions of when intervention materials were well received.	“One thing it helped me with is periodically I know I was gonna feel accountable when we had the meeting, so it kind of inspired me to do better”
12.2		Negative reception	Discussions of when intervention materials were not well received.	No data coded.
13	Environmental and ecological factors		Discussions about how participant environment affected the use of materials from the study intervention by participants.	“Go to a cooking class and learn how to make the foods that you like in a different way”
14	CBT/MI impact		Any mention of how CBT/MI has contributed to the treatment of disease or how the information has been received by participants.
14.1		Positive CBT/MI	How CBT/MI has contributed to participants positively.	“It was helpful.”
14.2		Negative CBT/MI	How CBT/MI has contributed to participants negatively.	No data coded.
14.3		CBT/MI improvement	How CBT/MI can be improved.	“I think that we could’ve gotten suggestions. Recipes or things to avoid.”