Table 2.

Subgroups of empathy according to the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire

Domain of empathy	Median (IQR)
	Total	4th year	5th year	6th year
	(n = 466)	(n = 152)	(n = 160)	(n = 154)
Perception of an emotional state in another that stimulates the same emotion in oneself	2.5 (2.0–3.0)	2.5 (2.0–3.0)	2.5 (2.5–3.0)	2.5 (2.0–3.0)
Assessment of emotion comprehension in others	3.0 (2.0–3.0)	3.0 (2.0–3.0)	3.0 (2.0–3.0)	3.0 (2.0–3.0)
Assessment of emotional states in others by indexing the frequency of behaviors demonstrating appropriate sensitivity	2.6 (2.4–3.0)	2.8 (2.4–3.2)	3.0 (2.6–3.2)	2.6 (2.4–3.0)
Sympathetic physiological arousal*	2.8 (2.5–3.0)	2.7 (2.5–3.0)	2.8 (2.5–3.2)	2.8 (2.5–3.0)
Altruism	3.0 (2.7–3.3)	3.0 (2.7–3.7)	3.3 (3.0–3.7)	3.0 (2.7–3.3)
Behaviors engaging higher-order empathic responding*	2.0 (2.0–3.0)	3.0 (2.0–3.0)	3.0 (2.0–3.0)	2.0 (2.0–3.0)
Total score *	44.0 (40.0–48.0)	45.0 (40.0–48.2)	43.0 (40.0–48.0)	43.0 (39.0–46.0)

*Statistically significant difference between clinical-year (Kruskal–Wallis test p-value < 0.05