Table 2.
Patients with microbiologically confirmed infections by microorganism, time from hospital admission and site of infection
| Microorganism detected | Patients (n, %) with infection at any time from hospital admission^ | Patients (n, %) with infection within 48 h from admission (co-infection) | Patients (n, %) with infection after 48 h from admission (secondary infection) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSI, LRTI, or both | BSI | LRTI | BSI, LRTI, or both | BSI | LRTI | BSI, LRTI, or both | BSI | LRTI | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 37 (23.5) | 16 (10.2) | 30 (19.1) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 0 | 35 (22.3) | 14 (8.9) | 30 (19.1) |
| Enterobacterales | 58 (36.9) | 23 (14.6) | 43 (27.4) | 4 (2.5) | 4 (2.5) | 0 | 54 (34.4) | 19 (12.1) | 43 (27.4) |
| Escherichia coli | 12 (7.6) | 6 (3.8) | 6 (3.8) | 3 (1.9) | 3 (1.9) | 0 | 9 (5.7) | 3 (1.9) | 6 (3.8) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 30 (19.1) | 13 (8.3) | 24 (15.3) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 29 (18.5) | 12 (7.6) | 24 (15.3) |
| Other Enterobacterales° | 23 (14.6) | 4 (2.5) | 19 (12.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 (14.6) | 4 (2.5) | 19 (12.1) |
| Enterococcus spp. | 43 (27.4) | 36 (22.9) | 9 (5.7) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 0 | 41 (26.1) | 34 (21.7) | 9 (5.7) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 27 (17.2) | 22 (14.0) | 6 (3.8) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 0 | 25 (15.9) | 20 (12.7) | 6 (3.8) |
| Enterococcus faecium | 16 (10.2) | 14 (8.9) | 3 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 (10.2) | 14 (8.9) | 3 (1.9) |
| Legionella pneumophila* | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.6) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 24 (15.3) | 8 (5.1) | 21 (13.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 (15.3) | 8 (5.1) | 21 (13.4) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 33 (21.0) | 13 (8.3) | 21 (13.4) | 7 (4.5) | 3 (1.9) | 4 (2.5) | 26 (16.6) | 10 (6.4) | 17 (10.8) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae** | 16 (10.2) | 1 (0.6) | 15 (9.6) | 10 (6.4) | 0 | 10 (6.4) | 6 (3.8) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (3.2) |
| Other bacteria@ | 16 (10.2) | 4 (2.5) | 12 (7.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 (10.2) | 4 (2.5) | 12 (7.6) |
| Candida spp. | 50 (31.8) | 17 (10.8) | 35 (22.3) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 49 (31.2) | 16 (10.2) | 35 (22.3) |
| Candida albicans | 36 (22.9) | 9 (5.7) | 28 (17.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 (22.9) | 9 (5.7) | 28 (17.8) |
| Other Candida spp.† | 17 (10.8) | 7 (4.5) | 10 (6.4) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 16 (10.2) | 6 (3.8) | 10 (6.4) |
| Other fungi# | 13 (8.3) | 1 (0.6) | 12 (7.6) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 10 (6.4) | 0 | 10 (6.4) |
BSI bloodstream infection, LRTI lower respiratory tract infection: infection detected by culture of bronchial/endotracheal aspirate or of bronchoalveolar lavage (107 patients) or by urinary antigen test (16 patients)
^9 patients had both co-infection and secondary infection
°Other Enterobacterales (all secondary infections): 9 Klebsiella aerogenes (3 BSI, 6 LRTI); 1 Klebsiella ornithinolytica (bloodstream); 2 Klebsiella oxytoca (LRTI); 6 Serratia marcescens (LRTI); 3 Enterobacter cloacae (LRTI), 1 Providencia stuartii (LRTI); 1 Proteus mirabilis (LRTI)
*Detected by urinary antigen test
**15 Detected by urinary antigen test, 1 by blood culture
@Other bacteria (all secondary infections): 7 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (LRTI); 1 Morganella morganii (LRTI); 2 Bacteroides fragilis (bloodstream); 1 Sphingomonas mucosissima (BSI); 1 Chrysobacterium meningiosepticum (LRTI); 1 Haemophilus influenzae (LRTI; 2 Burkholderia gladioli (1 BSI, 1 LRTI); 1 Branhamella catarrhalis (LRTI)
†Other Candida spp.: 7 Candida glabrata (2 bloodstream, 1 co-infection and 1 secondary infection; 5 LRTI, all secondary infections); 7 Candida tropicalis (all secondary infections, 2 bloodstream, 5 LRTI); 3 Candida parapsilosis (all bloodstream secondary infections)
#Other fungi: 10 Aspergillus spp. (2 co-infections, LRTI, 8 secondary infections, LRTI; 1 Cryptococcus (co-infection, bloodstream); 1 Pneumocystis (secondary infection, LRTI); 1 unspecified (secondary infection, LRTI)