Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to MACEs and PCSK9 stratification
| Variables | Whole cohort (n = 1027) |
MACEs | P value | PCSK9 (ng/mL) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 872) | Yes (n = 155) | ≤ 43.5 (n = 514) | > 43.5 (n = 513) | ||||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, years | 59.6 ± 12.7 | 58.9 ± 12.5 | 63.8 ± 13.1 | < 0.001 | 59.8 ± 12.2 | 59.5 ± 13.2 | 0.685 |
| Male, % | 834 (81.2) | 718 (82.3) | 116 (74.8) | 0.028 | 431 (83.9) | 403 (78.6) | 0.030 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.1 ± 3.8 | 26.2 ± 3.7 | 25.6 ± 4.0 | 0.067 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 26.2 ± 4.0 | 0.290 |
| Risk factors | |||||||
| Hypertension | 602 (58.6) | 495 (56.8) | 107 (69.0) | 0.004 | 302 (58.8) | 300 (58.5) | 0.929 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 754 (73.4) | 643 (73.7) | 111 (71.6) | 0.581 | 380 (73.9) | 374 (72.9) | 0.710 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 277 (27.0) | 231 (26.5) | 46 (29.7) | 0.410 | 136 (26.5) | 141 (27.5) | 0.711 |
| Current smoking | 529 (51.5) | 463 (53.1) | 66 (42.6) | 0.016 | 267 (51.9) | 262 (51.1) | 0.779 |
| Familial history of CAD | 210 (20.4) | 179 (20.5) | 31 (20.0) | 0.881 | 103 (20.0) | 107 (20.9) | 0.745 |
| Clinical and angiographic characteristics | |||||||
| Anterior infarction | 487 (47.4) | 406 (46.6) | 81 (52.3) | 0.190 | 226 (44.0) | 261 (50.9) | 0.027 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130.6 ± 22.6 | 131.0 ± 22.2 | 128.7 ± 24.5 | 0.251 | 130.1 ± 21.8 | 131.2 ± 23.4 | 0.397 |
| LVEF at admission | 53.5 ± 7.5 | 54.2 ± 7.0 | 49.7 ± 8.7 | < 0.001 | 54.1 ± 7.0 | 53.0 ± 7.9 | 0.028 |
| TIMI score | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 4.6 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 0.694 |
| Symptom-to-door, mins | 300.0 (150.0, 628.5) | 300.0 (150.0, 624.0) | 285.0 (165.0, 660.0) | 0.944 | 300.0 (178.5, 606.0) | 279.0 (123.3, 658.8) | 0.453 |
| Door-to-procedure, mins | 111.0 (85.0, 152.0) | 111.0 (84.0, 153.0) | 114.0 (89.0, 148.5) | 0.598 | 114.0 (86.0, 156.5) | 111.0 (84.0, 148.5) | 0.521 |
| Symptom-to-procedure, mins | 431.0 (260.3, 791.8) | 434.0 (260.0, 784.3) | 407.5 (263.3, 796.3) | 0.816 | 443.5 (279.8, 798.8) | 406.5 (243.8, 784.8) | 0.375 |
| Coronary artery lesions | |||||||
| Single vessel disease | 300 (29.2) | 269 (30.8) | 31 (20.0) | 0.018 | 152 (29.6) | 148 (28.8) | 0.545 |
| Double vessel disease | 303 (29.5) | 255 (29.2) | 48 (31.0) | 158 (30.7) | 145 (28.3) | ||
| Triple vessel disease | 424 (41.3) | 348 (39.9) | 76 (49.0) | 204 (39.7) | 220 (42.9) | ||
| Pre-TIMI flow | |||||||
| 0 | 658 (64.1) | 554 (63.5) | 104 (67.1) | 0.117 | 331 (64.4) | 327 (63.7) | 0.581 |
| 1 | 38 (3.7) | 28 (3.2) | 10 (6.5) | 15 (2.9) | 23 (4.5) | ||
| 2 | 96 (9.3) | 84 (9.6) | 12 (7.7) | 47 (9.1) | 49 (9.6) | ||
| 3 | 235 (22.9) | 206 (23.6) | 29 (18.7) | 121 (23.5) | 114 (22.2) | ||
| AHA classification | |||||||
| A | 19 (1.9) | 16 (1.8) | 3 (1.9) | 0.314 | 8 (1.6) | 11 (2.1) | 0.240 |
| B1 | 102 (9.9) | 86 (9.9) | 16 (10.3) | 42 (8.3) | 60 (11.6) | ||
| B2 | 210 (20.4) | 187 (21.4) | 23 (14.8) | 102 (20.0) | 108 (20.8) | ||
| C | 696 (67.8) | 583 (66.9) | 113 (72.9) | 357 (70.1) | 339 (65.4) | ||
| Laboratory examinations | |||||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 175.8 ± 38.6 | 176.8 ± 37.9 | 170.2 ± 41.9 | 0.056 | 175.0 ± 36.3 | 176.6 ± 40.7 | 0.507 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 112.2 ± 32.5 | 112.8 ± 31.9 | 108.6 ± 35.2 | 0.144 | 111.9 ± 31.2 | 112.5 ± 33.7 | 0.761 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 42.0 ± 11.4 | 42.0 ± 11.0 | 42.2 ± 13.4 | 0.685 | 43.1 ± 12.3 | 40.9 ± 10.4 | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 154.4 ± 107.5 | 155.4 ± 107.2 | 148.6 ± 109.1 | 0.474 | 144.7 ± 97.6 | 164.1 ± 115.7 | 0.004 |
| Lipoprotein(a), g/L | 161.0 (74.0, 338.2) | 161.0 (75.5, 338.0) | 158.1 (63.8, 341.0) | 0.299 | 148.5 (68.0, 338.8) | 177.0 (80.2, 338.6) | 0.061 |
| HbA1C, % | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 6.9 ± 1.8 | 0.073 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 0.164 |
| Fasting plasma glucose | 8.5 ± 3.9 | 8.4 ± 3.7 | 9.0 ± 4.5 | 0.103 | 8.5 ± 3.8 | 8.6 ± 3.9 | 0.705 |
| Leukocytes, ×1000/µL | 10.6 ± 3.2 | 10.5 ± 3.1 | 11.1 ± 3.7 | 0.026 | 10.5 ± 3.2 | 10.7 ± 3.2 | 0.221 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 147.3 ± 17.6 | 147.9 ± 17.6 | 144.1 ± 17.5 | 0.012 | 147.6 ± 16.5 | 147.1 ± 18.6 | 0.670 |
| Platelet, ×1000/µL | 234.8 ± 72.7 | 233.1 ± 74.2 | 244.0 ± 62.5 | 0.087 | 233.0 ± 79.4 | 236.6 ± 65.3 | 0.437 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 92.2 ± 31.7 | 94.0 ± 31.0 | 81.9 ± 33.8 | < 0.001 | 93.6 ± 30.9 | 90.8 ± 32.5 | 0.156 |
| Fibrinogen, µmol/L | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 4.2 ± 2.0 | 0.021 | 3.8 ± 2.8 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 0.231 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 6.5 (2.5, 11.0) | 6.2 (2.3, 10.9) | 8.8 (3.3, 11.5) | 0.007 | 5.6 (2.2, 10.6) | 7.5 (2.7, 11.2) | 0.003 |
| PCSK9, ng/mL | 43.5 (24.1, 83.8) | 41.8 (24.1, 80.6) | 51.8 (24.7, 93.5) | 0.018 | 24.2 (13.5, 32.7) | 83.8 (59.3, 126.1) | < 0.001 |
| Medication at discharge | |||||||
| Aspirin | 1019 (99.2) | 866 (99.3) | 153 (98.7) | 0.432 | 510 (99.2) | 509 (99.2) | 1.000 |
| Ticagrelor | 563 (54.8) | 488 (56.0) | 75 (48.4) | 0.081 | 292 (56.8) | 271 (52.8) | 0.200 |
| Clopidogrel | 464 (45.2) | 384 (44.0) | 80 (51.6) | 0.081 | 222 (43.2) | 242 (47.2) | 0.200 |
| Statin | 988 (96.2) | 841 (96.4) | 147 (94.8) | 0.335 | 493 (95.9) | 495 (96.5) | 0.629 |
| Beta-Blockers | 885 (86.2) | 755 (86.6) | 130 (83.9) | 0.367 | 445 (86.6) | 440 (85.8) | 0.708 |
| Renin angiotensin system inhibitor | 736 (71.7) | 637 (73.1) | 99 (63.9) | 0.019 | 377 (73.3) | 359 (70.0) | 0.231 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (%) or median (interquartile range). MACEs major adverse cardiac events (including all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and rehospitalization for heart failure), PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, CAD coronary artery disease, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, AHA American Heart Association, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1C hemoglobin A1c, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein